Framework for Standardizing Less Data-Intensive Methods of Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation
Evapotranspiration is one of the vital components of water cycle and its accurate estimation is the key to sustainable management of irrigation water. The FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) method is recommended as the standard method for computing reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) as well as for evalu...
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Published in | Water resources management Vol. 32; no. 13; pp. 4159 - 4175 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.10.2018
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Evapotranspiration is one of the vital components of water cycle and its accurate estimation is the key to sustainable management of irrigation water. The FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) method is recommended as the standard method for computing reference evapotranspiration (ET
o
) as well as for evaluating other indirect methods. However, due to the lack of weather data such as radiation, relative humidity and wind speed in many regions of the world, especially in developing countries, the FAO-PM method is difficult to use. To address this issue, a fairly robust methodology is proposed in this study to standardize two popular less data-intensive (temperature-based) ET
o
methods, viz., Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Penman-Monteith Temperature (PMT) against the FAO-PM method. To achieve this goal, the daily and monthly biases of these two methods were adjusted using the weather data of 14 locations for the 1979–2003 period. Subsequently, the performance of the standardized (de-biased) less data-intensive methods were verified using salient statistical and graphical indicators for the 2004–2013 period. The results indicated that the HS and PMT methods underestimate ET
o
on a monthly time step by 9.62 and 14.77%, respectively. However, the performances of these methods significantly improve after the standardization. The estimates of ET
o
by the standardized less data-intensive methods were found to be in close agreement with those by the standard FAO-PM method, thereby suggesting the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework in data-scarce situations irrespective of agro-climatic conditions. |
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AbstractList | Evapotranspiration is one of the vital components of water cycle and its accurate estimation is the key to sustainable management of irrigation water. The FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) method is recommended as the standard method for computing reference evapotranspiration (ET
o
) as well as for evaluating other indirect methods. However, due to the lack of weather data such as radiation, relative humidity and wind speed in many regions of the world, especially in developing countries, the FAO-PM method is difficult to use. To address this issue, a fairly robust methodology is proposed in this study to standardize two popular less data-intensive (temperature-based) ET
o
methods, viz., Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Penman-Monteith Temperature (PMT) against the FAO-PM method. To achieve this goal, the daily and monthly biases of these two methods were adjusted using the weather data of 14 locations for the 1979–2003 period. Subsequently, the performance of the standardized (de-biased) less data-intensive methods were verified using salient statistical and graphical indicators for the 2004–2013 period. The results indicated that the HS and PMT methods underestimate ET
o
on a monthly time step by 9.62 and 14.77%, respectively. However, the performances of these methods significantly improve after the standardization. The estimates of ET
o
by the standardized less data-intensive methods were found to be in close agreement with those by the standard FAO-PM method, thereby suggesting the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework in data-scarce situations irrespective of agro-climatic conditions. Evapotranspiration is one of the vital components of water cycle and its accurate estimation is the key to sustainable management of irrigation water. The FAO Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) method is recommended as the standard method for computing reference evapotranspiration (ETo) as well as for evaluating other indirect methods. However, due to the lack of weather data such as radiation, relative humidity and wind speed in many regions of the world, especially in developing countries, the FAO-PM method is difficult to use. To address this issue, a fairly robust methodology is proposed in this study to standardize two popular less data-intensive (temperature-based) ETo methods, viz., Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Penman-Monteith Temperature (PMT) against the FAO-PM method. To achieve this goal, the daily and monthly biases of these two methods were adjusted using the weather data of 14 locations for the 1979–2003 period. Subsequently, the performance of the standardized (de-biased) less data-intensive methods were verified using salient statistical and graphical indicators for the 2004–2013 period. The results indicated that the HS and PMT methods underestimate ETo on a monthly time step by 9.62 and 14.77%, respectively. However, the performances of these methods significantly improve after the standardization. The estimates of ETo by the standardized less data-intensive methods were found to be in close agreement with those by the standard FAO-PM method, thereby suggesting the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework in data-scarce situations irrespective of agro-climatic conditions. |
Author | Jha, Madan K. Pandey, Mohita Singh, Laishram Kanta |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csi_2023_103768 crossref_primary_10_5194_hess_23_3097_2019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agwat_2024_108903 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_020_06331_5 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_6832 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agwat_2020_106210 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.01.014 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001032 10.1007/s00704-002-0720-6 10.13031/2013.18153 10.13031/2013.26773 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.03.014 10.1029/1998WR900018 10.5194/hess-17-1331-2013 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.03.007 10.1007/s002710050058 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000935 10.1007/s11269-014-0787-8 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.03.005 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:1(53) 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.009 10.1007/s11269-009-9478-2 10.1007/s11269-014-0741-9 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.12.001 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.009 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000664 10.1007/BF00204842 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.013 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.011 10.1007/s11269-014-0733-9 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.12.034 |
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Keywords | Reference evapotranspiration Standardization framework Temperature-based ET Data-scarce condition methods |
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Snippet | Evapotranspiration is one of the vital components of water cycle and its accurate estimation is the key to sustainable management of irrigation water. The FAO... |
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SubjectTerms | Atmospheric Sciences Civil Engineering Climatic conditions Data Developing countries Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environment Evapotranspiration Frameworks Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hydrogeology Hydrologic cycle Hydrological cycle Hydrology/Water Resources Irrigation water LDCs Meteorological data Methods Relative humidity Standardization Temperature Weather Wind speed |
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Title | Framework for Standardizing Less Data-Intensive Methods of Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation |
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