3D geological modelling of the Renard 2 kimberlite pipe, Québec, Canada: from exploration to extraction
The Renard 2 kimberlite pipe is one of nine diamondiferous kimberlite pipes that form a cluster in the south-eastern portion of the Superior Province, Québec, Canada and is presently being extracted at the Renard Mine. It is interpreted as a diatreme-zone kimberlite consisting of two Kimberley-type...
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Published in | Mineralogy and petrology Vol. 112; no. Suppl 2; pp. 411 - 419 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.12.2018
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | The Renard 2 kimberlite pipe is one of nine diamondiferous kimberlite pipes that form a cluster in the south-eastern portion of the Superior Province, Québec, Canada and is presently being extracted at the Renard Mine. It is interpreted as a diatreme-zone kimberlite consisting of two Kimberley-type pyroclastic units and related country rock breccias, all cross-cut by coherent kimberlite dykes and irregular intrusives. Renard 2 has been the subject of numerous diamond drilling campaigns since its discovery in 2001. The first two geological models modelled kimberlite and country rock breccia units separately. A change in modelling philosophy in 2009, which incorporated the emplacement envelope and history, modelled the entire intrusive event and projected the pipe shape to depth allowing for more targeted deep drilling where kimberlite had not yet been discovered. This targeted 2009 drilling resulted in a > 400% increase in the volume of the Indicated Resource. Modelling only the kimberlite units resulted in a significant underestimation of the pipe shape. Current open pit and underground mapping of the pipe shape corresponds well to the final 2015 geological model and contact changes observed are within the expected level of confidence for an Indicated Resource. This study demonstrates that a sound understanding of the geological emplacement is key to developing a reliable 3D geological and resource model that can be used for targeted delineation drilling, feasibility studies and during the initial stages of mining. |
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AbstractList | The Renard 2 kimberlite pipe is one of nine diamondiferous kimberlite pipes that form a cluster in the south-eastern portion of the Superior Province, Québec, Canada and is presently being extracted at the Renard Mine. It is interpreted as a diatreme-zone kimberlite consisting of two Kimberley-type pyroclastic units and related country rock breccias, all cross-cut by coherent kimberlite dykes and irregular intrusives. Renard 2 has been the subject of numerous diamond drilling campaigns since its discovery in 2001. The first two geological models modelled kimberlite and country rock breccia units separately. A change in modelling philosophy in 2009, which incorporated the emplacement envelope and history, modelled the entire intrusive event and projected the pipe shape to depth allowing for more targeted deep drilling where kimberlite had not yet been discovered. This targeted 2009 drilling resulted in a > 400% increase in the volume of the Indicated Resource. Modelling only the kimberlite units resulted in a significant underestimation of the pipe shape. Current open pit and underground mapping of the pipe shape corresponds well to the final 2015 geological model and contact changes observed are within the expected level of confidence for an Indicated Resource. This study demonstrates that a sound understanding of the geological emplacement is key to developing a reliable 3D geological and resource model that can be used for targeted delineation drilling, feasibility studies and during the initial stages of mining. |
Author | Lépine, Isabelle Farrow, Darrell |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Isabelle orcidid: 0000-0001-8510-560X surname: Lépine fullname: Lépine, Isabelle email: ilepine@stornowaydiamonds.com organization: Stornoway Diamond Corporation – sequence: 2 givenname: Darrell surname: Farrow fullname: Farrow, Darrell organization: GeoStrat Consulting Services Inc |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.017 10.1007/978-81-322-1173-0_16 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.036 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.053 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.024 10.1016/0079-1946(75)90002-6 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.038 10.1007/s00710-018-0614-7 10.1007/s00710-018-0629-0 |
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Copyright | Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2018 Mineralogy and Petrology is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. |
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References | Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) (2005) CIM definition standards - for mineral resources and mineral reserves. CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions, adopted by CIM Council on December 11, 2005 FieldMScott SmithBHGurneyJJGurneyGLPascoeMDRichardsonSHContrasting geology and near surface emplacement of kimberlite pipes in southern Africa and CanadaProceedings of the 7th international kimberlite conference1999Cape TownRed Roof Design214237 O’Connor A, Lépine I (2006) Technical report and recommendations, the Otish Mountains, Québec project: technical report; Ashton Mining of Canada Inc., February 24, 2006 Geovia (2017) SURPAC and GEMS Software, https://www.3ds.com/products-services/geovia Harder M, Scott Smith BH, Hetman CM and Pell J (2009) The evolution of geological models for the DO-27 kimberlite, NWT, Canada: Implications for evaluation. In: Foley S, Aulbach S, Brey G, Grütter H, Höfer H, Jacob D, Lorez V, Stachel T, Woodland A (eds) Proceedings of the 9th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 112S:1–72 HawthorneJBModel of a kimberlite pipePhys Chem Earth1973911510.1016/0079-1946(75)90002-6 Percival JA (2007) Geology and metallogeny of the Superior Province, Canada. In: Goodfellow WD (ed) Mineral deposits of Canada: a synthesis of major deposit-types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods. Geol Assoc Can, Min Dep Div Spec Pub no. 5, pp 903–928 JakubecJKimberlite emplacement models – the implications for mining projectsJ Volcanol Geotherm Res2008174202810.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.038 Muntener C, Gaudet M (2018) Continuity of Kimberley-type kimberlite phases within Renard 2 over 1,000 m depth: Insights to the geological and emplacement model, Superior Craton, Canada. Miner Petrol, this volume ClementCRSkinnerEMWSA textural-genetic classification of kimberlitic rocksS Afr J Geol198588403409 Farrow DJ, Hopkins R (2015) 2015 mineral resource update for the Renard diamond project, Quebec, Canada NI 43–101 Technical Report, September 24, 2015, 255 pp Fitzgerald CE, Hetman CM, Lépine I, Skelton DS, McCandless TM (2009) The internal geology and emplacement history of the Renard 2 kimberlite, Superior Province, Quebec, Canada. In: Foley S, Aulbach S, Brey G, Grütter H, Höfer H, Jacob D, Lorez V, Stachel T, Woodland A (eds) Proceedings of the 9th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 112S:513–528 Farrow DJ, Stiefenhofer J, Balesamang J, Tshutlhedi J (2004) Three dimensional geological model for the kimberlite pipes and surrounding country rock, Jwaneng mine, Botswana. 2004 Gemcom Conference Lecuyer NL, Roscoe WE, Cullen R, Kozak A, Wiatzka G (2008) Technical report on the preliminary assessment of the Renard project Quebec, Canada. NI 43–101 Technical Report, December 12, 2008, 325 pp ClementCRA comparative geological study of some major kimberlite pipes in the northern Cape and orange free stateUnpublished PhD thesis1982South AfricaUniversity of Cape Town Farrow D (2009) 2009 mineral resource update Renard diamond project Northern Quebec, Canada NI 43–101 Technical Report, December 8, 2009, 125 pp Muntener C, Scott Smith BH (2013) Economic geology of Renard 3, Québec, Canada: a diamondiferous, multi-phase pipe infilled with hypabyssal and tuffisitic kimberlite. In: Pearson DG, Grütter HS, Harris JW, Kjarsgaard BA, O’Brien H, Rao NVC, Sparks S (eds) Proceedings of 10th internal kimberlite conference, vol 2, J Geol Soc India, pp 241–256 Ranger IM, Heaman LM, Pearson DG, Laroulandie C, Zhuk V (2018) Punctuated, long-lived emplacement history of the Renard 2 kimberlite, Canada, revealed by new high precision U-PB groundmass perovskite dating. Miner Petrol, this volume Jakubec J (2004) Role of geology in diamond project development. In: Mitchell RH, Grütter HS, Heaman LM, Scott Smith BH, Stachel T (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos, pp 337–345 Moorhead J, Beaumier M, Girard R, Heaman L (2003) Distribution, structural controls and ages of the kimberlite fields in the Superior Province of Quebec. Extended abstract FLA-0275, 8th international kimberlite conference Stiefenhofer J, Farrow DJ (2004) Geology of the Mwadui kimberlite, Shinyanga district, Tanzania. In: Mitchell RH, Grütter HS, Heaman LM, Scott Smith BH, Stachel T (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 76:139–160 M Field (567_CR7) 1999 CR Clement (567_CR3) 1985; 88 567_CR9 567_CR8 567_CR19 J Jakubec (567_CR13) 2008; 174 CR Clement (567_CR2) 1982 cr-split#-567_CR18.1 cr-split#-567_CR18.2 JB Hawthorne (567_CR11) 1973; 9 567_CR10 567_CR21 567_CR20 567_CR14 567_CR1 567_CR12 567_CR6 567_CR17 567_CR5 567_CR16 567_CR4 567_CR15 |
References_xml | – reference: Farrow DJ, Stiefenhofer J, Balesamang J, Tshutlhedi J (2004) Three dimensional geological model for the kimberlite pipes and surrounding country rock, Jwaneng mine, Botswana. 2004 Gemcom Conference – reference: HawthorneJBModel of a kimberlite pipePhys Chem Earth1973911510.1016/0079-1946(75)90002-6 – reference: O’Connor A, Lépine I (2006) Technical report and recommendations, the Otish Mountains, Québec project: technical report; Ashton Mining of Canada Inc., February 24, 2006 – reference: Harder M, Scott Smith BH, Hetman CM and Pell J (2009) The evolution of geological models for the DO-27 kimberlite, NWT, Canada: Implications for evaluation. In: Foley S, Aulbach S, Brey G, Grütter H, Höfer H, Jacob D, Lorez V, Stachel T, Woodland A (eds) Proceedings of the 9th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 112S:1–72 – reference: Lecuyer NL, Roscoe WE, Cullen R, Kozak A, Wiatzka G (2008) Technical report on the preliminary assessment of the Renard project Quebec, Canada. NI 43–101 Technical Report, December 12, 2008, 325 pp – reference: ClementCRA comparative geological study of some major kimberlite pipes in the northern Cape and orange free stateUnpublished PhD thesis1982South AfricaUniversity of Cape Town – reference: Ranger IM, Heaman LM, Pearson DG, Laroulandie C, Zhuk V (2018) Punctuated, long-lived emplacement history of the Renard 2 kimberlite, Canada, revealed by new high precision U-PB groundmass perovskite dating. Miner Petrol, this volume – reference: Moorhead J, Beaumier M, Girard R, Heaman L (2003) Distribution, structural controls and ages of the kimberlite fields in the Superior Province of Quebec. Extended abstract FLA-0275, 8th international kimberlite conference – reference: Geovia (2017) SURPAC and GEMS Software, https://www.3ds.com/products-services/geovia/ – reference: Muntener C, Scott Smith BH (2013) Economic geology of Renard 3, Québec, Canada: a diamondiferous, multi-phase pipe infilled with hypabyssal and tuffisitic kimberlite. In: Pearson DG, Grütter HS, Harris JW, Kjarsgaard BA, O’Brien H, Rao NVC, Sparks S (eds) Proceedings of 10th internal kimberlite conference, vol 2, J Geol Soc India, pp 241–256 – reference: FieldMScott SmithBHGurneyJJGurneyGLPascoeMDRichardsonSHContrasting geology and near surface emplacement of kimberlite pipes in southern Africa and CanadaProceedings of the 7th international kimberlite conference1999Cape TownRed Roof Design214237 – reference: JakubecJKimberlite emplacement models – the implications for mining projectsJ Volcanol Geotherm Res2008174202810.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.038 – reference: Farrow D (2009) 2009 mineral resource update Renard diamond project Northern Quebec, Canada NI 43–101 Technical Report, December 8, 2009, 125 pp – reference: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) (2005) CIM definition standards - for mineral resources and mineral reserves. CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions, adopted by CIM Council on December 11, 2005 – reference: Jakubec J (2004) Role of geology in diamond project development. In: Mitchell RH, Grütter HS, Heaman LM, Scott Smith BH, Stachel T (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos, pp 337–345 – reference: Stiefenhofer J, Farrow DJ (2004) Geology of the Mwadui kimberlite, Shinyanga district, Tanzania. In: Mitchell RH, Grütter HS, Heaman LM, Scott Smith BH, Stachel T (eds) Proceedings of the 8th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 76:139–160 – reference: ClementCRSkinnerEMWSA textural-genetic classification of kimberlitic rocksS Afr J Geol198588403409 – reference: Fitzgerald CE, Hetman CM, Lépine I, Skelton DS, McCandless TM (2009) The internal geology and emplacement history of the Renard 2 kimberlite, Superior Province, Quebec, Canada. In: Foley S, Aulbach S, Brey G, Grütter H, Höfer H, Jacob D, Lorez V, Stachel T, Woodland A (eds) Proceedings of the 9th international kimberlite conference, vol 1. Lithos 112S:513–528 – reference: Percival JA (2007) Geology and metallogeny of the Superior Province, Canada. In: Goodfellow WD (ed) Mineral deposits of Canada: a synthesis of major deposit-types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods. Geol Assoc Can, Min Dep Div Spec Pub no. 5, pp 903–928 – reference: Muntener C, Gaudet M (2018) Continuity of Kimberley-type kimberlite phases within Renard 2 over 1,000 m depth: Insights to the geological and emplacement model, Superior Craton, Canada. Miner Petrol, this volume – reference: Farrow DJ, Hopkins R (2015) 2015 mineral resource update for the Renard diamond project, Quebec, Canada NI 43–101 Technical Report, September 24, 2015, 255 pp – ident: #cr-split#-567_CR18.1 – ident: #cr-split#-567_CR18.2 – ident: 567_CR21 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.017 – ident: 567_CR14 – ident: 567_CR19 – volume-title: Unpublished PhD thesis year: 1982 ident: 567_CR2 – ident: 567_CR15 – volume: 88 start-page: 403 year: 1985 ident: 567_CR3 publication-title: S Afr J Geol – ident: 567_CR5 – ident: 567_CR4 – ident: 567_CR17 doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-1173-0_16 – ident: 567_CR1 – ident: 567_CR8 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.036 – ident: 567_CR12 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.053 – start-page: 214 volume-title: Proceedings of the 7th international kimberlite conference year: 1999 ident: 567_CR7 – ident: 567_CR9 – ident: 567_CR10 doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.024 – ident: 567_CR6 – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 1973 ident: 567_CR11 publication-title: Phys Chem Earth doi: 10.1016/0079-1946(75)90002-6 – volume: 174 start-page: 20 year: 2008 ident: 567_CR13 publication-title: J Volcanol Geotherm Res doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.038 – ident: 567_CR16 doi: 10.1007/s00710-018-0614-7 – ident: 567_CR20 doi: 10.1007/s00710-018-0629-0 |
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SubjectTerms | Breccia Diamond drills Diamonds Dikes Drill pipe Drilling Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Exploration Feasibility studies Geochemistry Geological mapping Geology Inorganic Chemistry Mineralogy Modelling Original Paper Philosophy Rocks Shape Three dimensional models |
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Title | 3D geological modelling of the Renard 2 kimberlite pipe, Québec, Canada: from exploration to extraction |
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