Karyotype polymorphism of GC-rich constitutive heterochromatin in Capsicum L. pepper accessions

• Published in: Crop breeding and applied biotechnology Vol. 22; no. 1
• Main Authors: Almeida, Breno Machado de, Martins, Lívia do Vale, Lopes, Ângela Celis de Almeida, Gomes, Regina Lúcia Ferreira, Valente, Sérgio Emílio dos Santos, Peron, Ana Paula, Silva, Verônica Brito da, Feitoza, Lidiane de Lima
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Portuguese
• Published: Vicosa Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 2022
• Subjects: AGRONOMY; BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY; Capsicum; Capsicum annuum; Chromosomes; Cytogenetics; Fluorophores; Genetic variability; Germplasm; Heterochromatin; Karyotypes; Peppers; Polymorphism; Vegetables; genetic diversity; CMA/DAPI staining; genetic resources
• ISSN: 1518-7853; 1984-7033; 1984-7033
• DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332022v22n1a03

Capsicum is represented by peppers and sweet peppers and comprises a group with remarkable genetic variability. Different cultivated Capsicum peppers of Brazil were evaluated by using CMA3 and DAPI specific fluorochromes. There was high polymorphism of highly GC-rich CMA heterochromatic bands among the analyzed species, ranging from six (BAGC 114; C. annuum) to 26 blocks (BAGC 81; C. baccatum). Heterochromatin percentage ranged from 3.14% (BAGC 114; C. annuum) to 8.72% (BAGC 81; C. baccatum), corroborating the variation in the number of heterochromatic bands, particularly those distributed in the terminal and subterminal regions of the chromosomes. The information reported in this paper supports the cytogenetic characterization of the domesticated peppers accessions belonging to the Capsicum Germplasm Active Bank of the Federal University of Piauí (BAGC-UFPI). Moreover, the present data helped to better understand the karyotype features of peppers and provide additional information that could contribute to the improvement and maintenance of Capsicum genetic breeding programs.