A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin
Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable...
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| Published in | Chinese science bulletin Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 430 - 435 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Heidelberg
SP Science in China Press
01.02.2009
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1001-6538 2095-9273 1861-9541 2095-9281 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11434-009-0009-6 |
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| Abstract | Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. |
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| AbstractList | Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. |
| Author | XU Xing ZHAO Qi NORELL Mark SULLIVAN Corwin HONE David ERICKSON Gregory WANG XiaoLin HAN FengLu GUO Yu |
| AuthorAffiliation | Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, NY 10024, USA Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1100, USA Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xing surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Xing email: xingxu@vip.sina.com organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Qi surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Qi organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Mark surname: Norell fullname: Norell, Mark organization: American Museum of Natural History – sequence: 4 givenname: Corwin surname: Sullivan fullname: Sullivan, Corwin organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: David surname: Hone fullname: Hone, David organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Gregory surname: Erickson fullname: Erickson, Gregory organization: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University – sequence: 7 givenname: XiaoLin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, XiaoLin organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 8 givenname: FengLu surname: Han fullname: Han, FengLu organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 9 givenname: Yu surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Yu organization: Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Keywords | coelurosaurian phylogeny avian origin Early Cretaceous wrist evolution maniraptoran theropod |
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| References_xml | – reference: ChureD. J.GauthierJ. A.GallL. F.The wrist of Allosaurus (Saurischia: Theropoda), with observations on the carpus in theropodsNew Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds2001New HeavenYale University Press122130 – reference: Chinsamy-TuranA.Histological perspectives on growth in the birds Struthio camelus and Sagittarius serpentariusThird Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution1995Senckenberg, GermanyCourier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg317323 – reference: ChatterjeeS.The rise of birds1997BaltimoreJohn Hopkins University Press1311 – reference: MayrG.PohlB.PetersS.A well-preserved Archaeopteryx specimen with theropod featuresScience20053101483148610.1126/science.1120331 – reference: MiddletonK. M.GatesyS. M.Theropod forelimb design and evolutionZool J Linn Soc200012814918710.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00160.x – reference: SerenoP. C.The evolution of dinosaursScience19992842137214710.1126/science.284.5423.2137 – reference: GoloboffP. A.MattoniC. I.QuinterosA. S.Continuous characters analyzed as suchCladistics20062258960110.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00122.x – reference: MakovickyP. J.NorellM. A.WeishampelD. B.DodsonP.OsmolskaH.TroodontidaeThe Dinosauria20042nd ed.BerkeleyUniversity of California Press184195 – reference: XuX.ZhouZ. H.WangX. L.The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaurNature200040870570810.1038/35047056 – reference: MakovickyP. J.ApesteguíaS.AgnolínF. L.The earliest dro-maeosaurid theropod from South AmericaNature20054371007101110.1038/nature03996 – reference: ChiappeL. M.JiS. A.JiQ.Anatomy and systematics of the Confuciusornithidae (Theropoda: Aves) from the late Mesozoic of Northeastern ChinaBull Amer Mus Nat Hist1999242189 – reference: FeducciaA.The Origin and Evolution of Birds19992nd ed.New HavenYale University Press466 – reference: PadianK.ChiappeL.CurrieP. J.PadianK.Bird originsEncyclopedia of Dinosaurs1997San DiegoAcademic Press7179 – reference: ChristiansenP.BondeN.Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotionJ Ornithol2002143356371 – reference: HillisD. M.Taxonomic sampling, phylogenetic accuracy, and investigator biasSyst Biol1998473810.1080/106351598260987 – reference: HinchliffeJ. R.HechtM. K.OstromJ. H.ViohlG.’One, two, three’ or ‘Two, three, four’: an embryologist’s view of the homoliges of the digits and carpus of modern birdsThe Beginnings of Birds1985EichstattFreunde des Jura-Museums Eichstatt141148 – reference: ForsterC. A.SampsonS. D.ChiappeL. M.The theropod ancestry of birds: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous of MadagascarScience19982791915191910.1126/science.279.5358.1915 – reference: ElzanowskiA.ChiappeL. M.WitmerL. M.ArchaeopterygoidaeMesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs2002BerkeleyUniversity of California Press129159 – reference: ZhouZ. H.ZhangF. 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| Snippet | Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ... Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ... |
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| SubjectTerms | Articles/Geology Chemistry/Food Science Earth Sciences Engineering Humanities and Social Sciences Life Sciences multidisciplinary Physics Science Science (multidisciplinary) 关节进化 古生物 白垩纪 |
| Title | A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin |
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