Pretreatment Methods for Recovering Active Cathode Material from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries - Barontini, Federica; Francalanci, Flavio; Stefanelli, Eleonora; Puccini, Monica (Environments (Basel, Switzerland), 2025)
Keywords: Aluminum; Batteries; Carbon black; Carbon dioxide; Cathodes; Efficiency; Electrode materials; Electrolytes; End of life; Energy; Environmental impact; Fluorides; Heat treatment; Lithium; Lithium cells; Lithium-ion batteries; Mathematical optimization; Metal foils; Particle size; Pretreatment; Recovery; Recycled materials; Recycling; Renewable resources; Sodium hydroxide; Solvents; Structural integrity; Waste management; Italy; United States--US