Insights on common fungicides: A national survey on farmland soils from Mainland China
Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticid...
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| Published in | Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 492; p. 138177 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
15.07.2025
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| Abstract | Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ13fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ13fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively.
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•Fungicide residues are common in the agricultural topsoil of mainland China.•Significant spatial variation of fungicide residues affected by multiple factors.•Microplastics from agro-film sources might promote fungicide trapping in the soil.•Terrestrial safety thresholds of major fungicides were deduced using pSSD.•Soil texture affected fungicide toxicity assessment for the species taxa level. |
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| AbstractList | Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ13fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ13fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively.Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ13fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ13fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively. Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively. Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ13fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ13fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3 % and 5.9 %, respectively. [Display omitted] •Fungicide residues are common in the agricultural topsoil of mainland China.•Significant spatial variation of fungicide residues affected by multiple factors.•Microplastics from agro-film sources might promote fungicide trapping in the soil.•Terrestrial safety thresholds of major fungicides were deduced using pSSD.•Soil texture affected fungicide toxicity assessment for the species taxa level. |
| ArticleNumber | 138177 |
| Author | YANG, Tong CHEN, LiYuan LIU, WenXin HOU, Jie WANG, LiXi HAN, BingJun WANG, JinZe |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jie surname: HOU fullname: HOU, Jie organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: LiXi surname: WANG fullname: WANG, LiXi organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: JinZe surname: WANG fullname: WANG, JinZe organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: LiYuan surname: CHEN fullname: CHEN, LiYuan organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: BingJun surname: HAN fullname: HAN, BingJun organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China – sequence: 6 givenname: Tong surname: YANG fullname: YANG, Tong organization: Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada – sequence: 7 givenname: WenXin orcidid: 0000-0003-4137-8686 surname: LIU fullname: LIU, WenXin email: wxliu@urban.pku.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China |
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| Keywords | Microplastics Probabilistic species sensitivity distributions Fungicides Distribution characteristics Risk assessment |
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| SubjectTerms | Agriculture Benzimidazoles - analysis Carbamates - analysis China Crops, Agricultural Dioxolanes Distribution characteristics Environmental Monitoring Farms Fungicides Fungicides, Industrial - analysis Microplastics Pesticide Residues - analysis Probabilistic species sensitivity distributions Risk Assessment Soil - chemistry Soil Pollutants - analysis Triazoles - analysis |
| Title | Insights on common fungicides: A national survey on farmland soils from Mainland China |
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