The degradation of poly(1-butene) extrudates subjected to artificial and natural aging
In this work, we examined the degradation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1) under artificial aging and natural weathering conditions. PB-1 samples underwent accelerated aging through UV irradiation and natural weathering. Chemical and structural changes in the degraded samples were charact...
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| Published in | Iranian polymer journal Vol. 33; no. 12; pp. 1725 - 1735 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.12.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | In this work, we examined the degradation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1) under artificial aging and natural weathering conditions. PB-1 samples underwent accelerated aging through UV irradiation and natural weathering. Chemical and structural changes in the degraded samples were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) spectroscopy, surface analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The mechanical properties were evaluated via tensile testing. FTIR–ATR analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl groups in the degraded samples, indicating oxidative degradation. Surface observations employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of surface cracks in both samples, with differing crack initiation mechanisms. The two aging methods affected the mechanical properties of the samples: artificial aging induced a gradual reduction in both tensile modulus and strength, whereas natural weathering engendered a marginal increment in modulus alongside diminished strength. Additionally, elongation-at-break value witnessed a marked decrease in both sample sets during the preliminary stages of degradation. This work employed accelerated time equivalent, obtained by juxtaposition of the values of carbonyl index during both artificial aging and natural weathering and their interpolation to determine the degradation rate and adequately to correlate the final properties of the aged PB-1. It was observed that surface morphology and mechanical attributes of degraded samples were subject to additional influences such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation during natural weathering. This research work provided significant insights into PB-1 degradation mechanisms and effect of different aging conditions on its performance.
Graphical abstract |
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| AbstractList | In this work, we examined the degradation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1) under artificial aging and natural weathering conditions. PB-1 samples underwent accelerated aging through UV irradiation and natural weathering. Chemical and structural changes in the degraded samples were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) spectroscopy, surface analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The mechanical properties were evaluated via tensile testing. FTIR–ATR analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl groups in the degraded samples, indicating oxidative degradation. Surface observations employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of surface cracks in both samples, with differing crack initiation mechanisms. The two aging methods affected the mechanical properties of the samples: artificial aging induced a gradual reduction in both tensile modulus and strength, whereas natural weathering engendered a marginal increment in modulus alongside diminished strength. Additionally, elongation-at-break value witnessed a marked decrease in both sample sets during the preliminary stages of degradation. This work employed accelerated time equivalent, obtained by juxtaposition of the values of carbonyl index during both artificial aging and natural weathering and their interpolation to determine the degradation rate and adequately to correlate the final properties of the aged PB-1. It was observed that surface morphology and mechanical attributes of degraded samples were subject to additional influences such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation during natural weathering. This research work provided significant insights into PB-1 degradation mechanisms and effect of different aging conditions on its performance. In this work, we examined the degradation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1) under artificial aging and natural weathering conditions. PB-1 samples underwent accelerated aging through UV irradiation and natural weathering. Chemical and structural changes in the degraded samples were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) spectroscopy, surface analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The mechanical properties were evaluated via tensile testing. FTIR–ATR analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl groups in the degraded samples, indicating oxidative degradation. Surface observations employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of surface cracks in both samples, with differing crack initiation mechanisms. The two aging methods affected the mechanical properties of the samples: artificial aging induced a gradual reduction in both tensile modulus and strength, whereas natural weathering engendered a marginal increment in modulus alongside diminished strength. Additionally, elongation-at-break value witnessed a marked decrease in both sample sets during the preliminary stages of degradation. This work employed accelerated time equivalent, obtained by juxtaposition of the values of carbonyl index during both artificial aging and natural weathering and their interpolation to determine the degradation rate and adequately to correlate the final properties of the aged PB-1. It was observed that surface morphology and mechanical attributes of degraded samples were subject to additional influences such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation during natural weathering. This research work provided significant insights into PB-1 degradation mechanisms and effect of different aging conditions on its performance. Graphical abstract |
| Author | Kudlacek, Michal Benicek, Lubomir Navratilova, Jana Jaska, David Cermak, Roman Zenzingerova, Sona Gajzlerova, Lenka |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sona orcidid: 0000-0002-3604-6145 surname: Zenzingerova fullname: Zenzingerova, Sona organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 2 givenname: Michal orcidid: 0000-0002-6070-2149 surname: Kudlacek fullname: Kudlacek, Michal organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 3 givenname: Lubomir orcidid: 0000-0002-4858-9323 surname: Benicek fullname: Benicek, Lubomir email: benicek@utb.cz organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 4 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0002-4056-0059 surname: Jaska fullname: Jaska, David organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 5 givenname: Jana orcidid: 0000-0003-1600-0526 surname: Navratilova fullname: Navratilova, Jana organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 6 givenname: Lenka orcidid: 0000-0002-3624-5785 surname: Gajzlerova fullname: Gajzlerova, Lenka organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin – sequence: 7 givenname: Roman orcidid: 0000-0003-1577-6031 surname: Cermak fullname: Cermak, Roman organization: Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin |
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| Keywords | Degradation Surface changes Weathering Isotactic poly(1-butene) Accelerated time equivalent |
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| Snippet | In this work, we examined the degradation behavior of isotactic poly(1-butene) (PB-1) under artificial aging and natural weathering conditions. PB-1 samples... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aging (artificial) Aging (natural) Carbonyl groups Carbonyls Ceramics Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Composites Crack initiation Extrusions Fourier transforms Glass Infrared analysis Infrared spectroscopy Mechanical properties Modulus of elasticity Natural Materials Original Research Performance degradation Polymer Sciences Surface analysis (chemical) Surface cracks Tensile tests Ultraviolet radiation Weathering X-ray scattering |
| Title | The degradation of poly(1-butene) extrudates subjected to artificial and natural aging |
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