Resource utilization of lithium slag supplementary cementitious materials through mechanical activation: mechanism investigation and process optimization
The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechan...
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| Published in | Environmental research Vol. 283; p. 122112 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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15.10.2025
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| Abstract | The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechanical properties of SCMs by regulating the grinding time and LS dosage. Based on the analysis of the hydration products and microstructure of the SCM, the LS with the median particle size of 11.71 μm demonstrated the highest activity index, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 107 % compared to ordinary Portland cement. Remarkably, the 3-day strength also exceeded that of pure cement, likely due to the dilution effect of LS, which provides additional nucleation sites for hydration products like C-S-H and AFt. With 30 % LS replacing cement, the compressive strength of SCM reached 54.61 MPa, comparable to that of pure cement. The introduction of LS significantly reduced the interparticle pore volume. These findings provided a scientific basis for promoting the resource utilization of LS waste and its application in SCM production.
•The SCM incorporating LS from Western Sichuan exhibits unique characteristics, particularly high early-age strength.•Grinding LS facilitates the faster and earlier formation of AFt.•SCM with 30 % LS can serve as a direct substitute for cement in various applications.•LS's introduction reduces SCM interparticle pore volume. |
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| AbstractList | The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechanical properties of SCMs by regulating the grinding time and LS dosage. Based on the analysis of the hydration products and microstructure of the SCM, the LS with the median particle size of 11.71 μm demonstrated the highest activity index, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 107 % compared to ordinary Portland cement. Remarkably, the 3-day strength also exceeded that of pure cement, likely due to the dilution effect of LS, which provides additional nucleation sites for hydration products like C-S-H and AFt. With 30 % LS replacing cement, the compressive strength of SCM reached 54.61 MPa, comparable to that of pure cement. The introduction of LS significantly reduced the interparticle pore volume. These findings provided a scientific basis for promoting the resource utilization of LS waste and its application in SCM production.
•The SCM incorporating LS from Western Sichuan exhibits unique characteristics, particularly high early-age strength.•Grinding LS facilitates the faster and earlier formation of AFt.•SCM with 30 % LS can serve as a direct substitute for cement in various applications.•LS's introduction reduces SCM interparticle pore volume. The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechanical properties of SCMs by regulating the grinding time and LS dosage. Based on the analysis of the hydration products and microstructure of the SCM, the LS with the median particle size of 11.71 μm demonstrated the highest activity index, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 107% compared to ordinary Portland cement. Remarkably, the 3-day strength also exceeded that of pure cement, likely due to the dilution effect of LS, which provides additional nucleation sites for hydration products like C-S-H and AFt. With 30% LS replacing cement, the compressive strength of SCM reached 54.61 MPa, comparable to that of pure cement. The introduction of LS significantly reduced the interparticle pore volume. These findings provided a scientific basis for promoting the resource utilization of LS waste and its application in SCM production.The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechanical properties of SCMs by regulating the grinding time and LS dosage. Based on the analysis of the hydration products and microstructure of the SCM, the LS with the median particle size of 11.71 μm demonstrated the highest activity index, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 107% compared to ordinary Portland cement. Remarkably, the 3-day strength also exceeded that of pure cement, likely due to the dilution effect of LS, which provides additional nucleation sites for hydration products like C-S-H and AFt. With 30% LS replacing cement, the compressive strength of SCM reached 54.61 MPa, comparable to that of pure cement. The introduction of LS significantly reduced the interparticle pore volume. These findings provided a scientific basis for promoting the resource utilization of LS waste and its application in SCM production. The use of lithium slag (LS) in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) effectively mitigates the environmental pollution caused by open-air storage and landfill disposal of LS. Focusing on region-specific LS as the subject of study, this research proposes optimizing the mechanical properties of SCMs by regulating the grinding time and LS dosage. Based on the analysis of the hydration products and microstructure of the SCM, the LS with the median particle size of 11.71 μm demonstrated the highest activity index, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 107 % compared to ordinary Portland cement. Remarkably, the 3-day strength also exceeded that of pure cement, likely due to the dilution effect of LS, which provides additional nucleation sites for hydration products like C-S-H and AFt. With 30 % LS replacing cement, the compressive strength of SCM reached 54.61 MPa, comparable to that of pure cement. The introduction of LS significantly reduced the interparticle pore volume. These findings provided a scientific basis for promoting the resource utilization of LS waste and its application in SCM production. |
| ArticleNumber | 122112 |
| Author | Tian, Jia Shu, Kaiqian Tang, Haijun Wang, Haitao Liu, Lang Liu, Min Wu, Houqin Zhu, Mengbo Xu, Longhua |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Haitao surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Haitao organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Houqin surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Houqin email: wuhouqin@swust.edu.cn organization: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Jia surname: Tian fullname: Tian, Jia organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Lang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Lang email: liulang@xust.edu.cn organization: Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Mengbo surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Mengbo organization: Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, PR China – sequence: 6 givenname: Kaiqian surname: Shu fullname: Shu, Kaiqian organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 7 givenname: Haijun surname: Tang fullname: Tang, Haijun organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 8 givenname: Min surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Min organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China – sequence: 9 givenname: Longhua surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Longhua organization: Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China |
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| Keywords | Mechanical properties Supplementary cementitious materials Lithium slag Mechanical activation Microstructural analysis |
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| Title | Resource utilization of lithium slag supplementary cementitious materials through mechanical activation: mechanism investigation and process optimization |
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