4D-printed shape-programmable [H+]-responsive needles for determination of urea

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) Vol. 282; p. 126998
• Main Authors: Su, Yi-Ting, Chiu, Hsiao-Chu, Su, Cheng-Kuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2025
• Subjects: analytical methods; Animals; derivatization; detection limit; electrostatic interactions; Enzymatic derivatization; fetal bovine serum; Four-dimensional printing; geometry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; hydrolysis; Limit of Detection; Needles; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Rats; Shape programming; Stimuli-responsive materials; sweat; Three-dimensional printing; Urea; Urea - analysis; Urea - blood; Urea - chemistry; Urea - urine; urine; Urea; Three-dimensional printing; Stimuli-responsive materials; Four-dimensional printing; Shape programming; Enzymatic derivatization

Four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies are revolutionizing the fabrication, functionality, and applicability of stimuli-responsive analytical devices. More practically, 4DP technologies are effective in fabricating devices with complex geometric designs and functions, and the degree of shape p...