Comparative floral development reveals novel aspects of structure and diversity of flowers in Cannabaceae
Species of Cannabaceae are wind pollinated, have inconspicuous and reduced flowers that are pistillate, staminate and apparently perfect on the same individual or on different individuals, with a single-whorled perianth and a pseudomonomerous gynoecium. Our objective is to understand the development...
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| Published in | Botanical journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 193; no. 1; pp. 64 - 83 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
07.05.2020
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0024-4074 1095-8339 |
| DOI | 10.1093/botlinnean/boaa004 |
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| Abstract | Species of Cannabaceae are wind pollinated, have inconspicuous and reduced flowers that are pistillate, staminate and apparently perfect on the same individual or on different individuals, with a single-whorled perianth and a pseudomonomerous gynoecium. Our objective is to understand the developmental processes that lead to such a reduced flower morphology and polygamy in Cannabis sativa, Celtis iguanaea and Trema micrantha. Floral buds and flowers were processed for surface, histological examinations and 3D reconstructions of vasculature. The single-whorled perianth is interpreted as a calyx because the organs are robust, have a broad base, an acute apex and quincuncial aestivation and are opposite the stamens. Petals are absent from inception. The dicliny is established at different development stages: stamens or carpels are absent from inception (Cannabis sativa), initiated and aborted during early (Trema micrantha, before sporo/gametogenesis) or late (Celtis iguanaea, after sporo/gametogenesis) development. Furthermore, in all species studied the carpels are congenitally united and the pseudomonomerous nature of the gynoecium is confirmed. Glandular trichomes are distributed on the bracts, sepals, anther connective and receptacle. Special floral features shared by species of Cannabaceae include precocious ovule development and sepals that are each vascularized by one bundle. The reduced flowers of Cannabaceae are the result of the absence from inception and/or abortion of organs and even of a whole whorl at different developmental stages, which were probably selected in response to pressures exerted by the similar pollination mechanism. |
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| AbstractList | Species of Cannabaceae are wind pollinated, have inconspicuous and reduced flowers that are pistillate, staminate and apparently perfect on the same individual or on different individuals, with a single-whorled perianth and a pseudomonomerous gynoecium. Our objective is to understand the developmental processes that lead to such a reduced flower morphology and polygamy in Cannabis sativa, Celtis iguanaea and Trema micrantha. Floral buds and flowers were processed for surface, histological examinations and 3D reconstructions of vasculature. The single-whorled perianth is interpreted as a calyx because the organs are robust, have a broad base, an acute apex and quincuncial aestivation and are opposite the stamens. Petals are absent from inception. The dicliny is established at different development stages: stamens or carpels are absent from inception (Cannabis sativa), initiated and aborted during early (Trema micrantha, before sporo/gametogenesis) or late (Celtis iguanaea, after sporo/gametogenesis) development. Furthermore, in all species studied the carpels are congenitally united and the pseudomonomerous nature of the gynoecium is confirmed. Glandular trichomes are distributed on the bracts, sepals, anther connective and receptacle. Special floral features shared by species of Cannabaceae include precocious ovule development and sepals that are each vascularized by one bundle. The reduced flowers of Cannabaceae are the result of the absence from inception and/or abortion of organs and even of a whole whorl at different developmental stages, which were probably selected in response to pressures exerted by the similar pollination mechanism. |
| Author | Teixeira, Simone P Schönenberger, Jürg Leme, Flávia M Staedler, Yannick M |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Flávia M surname: Leme fullname: Leme, Flávia M organization: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), R. Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil, Laboratório de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Jürg surname: Schönenberger fullname: Schönenberger, Jürg organization: Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Yannick M surname: Staedler fullname: Staedler, Yannick M organization: Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Simone P orcidid: 0000-0003-4993-101X surname: Teixeira fullname: Teixeira, Simone P organization: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1093_botlinnean_boaa110 crossref_primary_10_1093_botlinnean_boaa023 crossref_primary_10_3390_agronomy15030515 crossref_primary_10_1590_1677_941x_abb_2023_0227 crossref_primary_10_1093_botlinnean_boac028 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2021_721986 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajb2_1724 crossref_primary_10_1002_ffj_3732 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00049_023_00391_1 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjb_2020_0082 crossref_primary_10_1111_1442_1984_12328 crossref_primary_10_3390_plants11020155 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00709_025_02054_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajb2_16212 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00606_020_01697_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_copbio_2022_102684 crossref_primary_10_1590_0102_33062022abb0061 crossref_primary_10_35535_acpa_2023_0004 crossref_primary_10_1093_jxb_erae429 crossref_primary_10_30550_j_lil_1987 |
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| Title | Comparative floral development reveals novel aspects of structure and diversity of flowers in Cannabaceae |
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