Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Neuroinflammation leads to microglia activation and release of a large numbe...

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Published inProgress in neurobiology Vol. 155; pp. 76 - 95
Main Authors Lim, Chai K, Fernández-Gomez, Francisco J, Braidy, Nady, Estrada, Cristina, Costa, Cristina, Costa, Silvia, Bessede, Alban, Fernandez-Villalba, Emiliano, Zinger, Anna, Herrero, Maria Trinidad, Guillemin, Gilles J
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Published England 01.08.2017
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Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Neuroinflammation leads to microglia activation and release of a large number of proinflammatory mediators. The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism is one of the major regulators of the immune response and is also likely to be implicated in the inflammatory and neurotoxic events in Parkinsonism. Several neuroactive compounds are produced through the KP that can be either a neurotoxic, neuroprotective or immunomodulator. Among these metabolites kynurenic acid (KYNA), produced by astrocytes, is considered as neuroprotective whereas quinolinic acid (QUIN), released by activated microglia, can activate the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-signalling pathway, leading to excitotoxicity and amplify the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that NMDA antagonists can ease symptoms and exert a neuroprotective effect in PD both in vivo and in vitro. There are to date several lines of evidence linking some of the KP intermediates and the neuropathogenesis of PD. Moreover, it is likely that some of the KP metabolites could be used as prognostic biomarkers and that pharmacological modulators of the KP enzymes could represent a new therapeutic strategy for PD.
AbstractList Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Neuroinflammation leads to microglia activation and release of a large number of proinflammatory mediators. The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism is one of the major regulators of the immune response and is also likely to be implicated in the inflammatory and neurotoxic events in Parkinsonism. Several neuroactive compounds are produced through the KP that can be either a neurotoxic, neuroprotective or immunomodulator. Among these metabolites kynurenic acid (KYNA), produced by astrocytes, is considered as neuroprotective whereas quinolinic acid (QUIN), released by activated microglia, can activate the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-signalling pathway, leading to excitotoxicity and amplify the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that NMDA antagonists can ease symptoms and exert a neuroprotective effect in PD both in vivo and in vitro. There are to date several lines of evidence linking some of the KP intermediates and the neuropathogenesis of PD. Moreover, it is likely that some of the KP metabolites could be used as prognostic biomarkers and that pharmacological modulators of the KP enzymes could represent a new therapeutic strategy for PD.
Author Herrero, Maria Trinidad
Lim, Chai K
Fernandez-Villalba, Emiliano
Zinger, Anna
Bessede, Alban
Fernández-Gomez, Francisco J
Braidy, Nady
Costa, Cristina
Costa, Silvia
Estrada, Cristina
Guillemin, Gilles J
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  givenname: Chai K
  surname: Lim
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  surname: Fernández-Gomez
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  organization: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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  surname: Braidy
  fullname: Braidy, Nady
  organization: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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  givenname: Cristina
  surname: Estrada
  fullname: Estrada, Cristina
  organization: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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  givenname: Cristina
  surname: Costa
  fullname: Costa, Cristina
  organization: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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  givenname: Silvia
  surname: Costa
  fullname: Costa, Silvia
  organization: Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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  surname: Bessede
  fullname: Bessede, Alban
  organization: ImmuSmol, Pessac, France
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  givenname: Emiliano
  surname: Fernandez-Villalba
  fullname: Fernandez-Villalba, Emiliano
  organization: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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  email: mtherrer@um.es
  organization: Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: mtherrer@um.es
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  surname: Guillemin
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  email: gilles.guillemin@mq.edu.au
  organization: Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: gilles.guillemin@mq.edu.au
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27072742$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Humans
Kynurenine - immunology
Kynurenine - metabolism
Parkinson Disease - immunology
Parkinson Disease - metabolism
Title Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27072742
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