Determination of MIC, MPC, and MSW of Ilex paraguariensis against non-typhoidal Salmonella with identification of the mechanisms of resistance and pathogenicity factors

• Published in: Microbial pathogenesis Vol. 174; p. 105905
• Main Authors: El Khatib, Khaled, Hadeer, Ribal Aby, Saad, Anis, Kalaydjian, Aline, Fayad, Elie, Mahfouz, Youssef, Dougnon, Victorien, Daoud, Ziad, Abdel-Massih, Roula M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; antibacterial properties; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Ilex paraguariensis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; minimum inhibitory concentration; mutants; pathogenesis; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; polymerase chain reaction; Salmonella; Salmonella - genetics; virulence; Virulence Factors - genetics; Virulence genes; yerba mate; Salmonella; Antibacterial activity; Ilex paraguariensis; Antimicrobial resistance; Virulence genes
• ISSN: 0882-4010; 1096-1208; 1096-1208
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105905

This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis against 32 different strains of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mutant prevention concentration (MPC), and mutant selection window (MSW) and the detection of virulence genes by multiplex PCR assays. The MIC values of Ilex paraguariensis against Salmonella spp. strains varied between 0.78 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml with a MIC90 of 3.12 mg/ml. The highest MPC in this study was 48 mg/ml yielding a mutant selection window of 41.75 mg/ml. The MSW values of the remaining strains varied between 1.56 and 8.87 mg/ml. Genes of pathogenicity detected in Salmonella spp. isolates were most commonly the stn, sdiA, invA, sopB, invH, and sopE genes. The antibacterial activity of yerba mate extract was not affected by the antimicrobial resistance patterns or pathogenicity genes expressed. More work is needed to identify the active antibacterial compound(s) responsible for the antibacterial activity. •Aqueous Yerba Mate extract exhibited antibacterial activity against 32 strains of nontyphoidal Salmonella.•Virulence genes mostly detected were the stn, sdiA, invA, sopB, invH, and sopE genes (by multiplex PCR assays).•MIC (0.78–6.25 mg/ml), MPC, & MSW of aqueous extracts against Salmonella were determined.