Advances in Research on Neurotoxicity and Mechanisms of Manganese, Iron, and Copper Exposure, Alone or in Combination

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 1968 - 1983
• Main Authors: Mo, Ya‐qi, Zhong, Jian‐yuan, Teng, Meng‐jun, Peng, Jian‐chao, Huang, Hai, Aschner, Michael, Jiang, Yue‐ming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2025
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Animals; Apoptosis; combined effects; Copper; Copper - toxicity; Dopamine; Exposure; Ferroptosis; Heavy metals; Humans; Iron; Iron - toxicity; Lipids; Manganese; Manganese - toxicity; Metals, Heavy - toxicity; Mitochondrial Diseases - chemically induced; Nervous system; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurogenesis; Neurotoxicity; Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology; Oxidative Stress; Reactive oxygen species; Synergistic effect; Synuclein; Trace elements; β-Amyloid; combined effects; copper; iron; neurotoxicity; manganese

ABSTRACT Manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) are all essential trace elements for the human body; however, exposure to excessive amounts of these metals, either alone or in combination, can lead to neurotoxicity. Mn, Fe, and Cu can impair the nervous system through oxidative stress, apoptosis...