Reproductive and vegetative phenology of the micro endemic Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae)
Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a micro endemic species, from which nothing is known. Here, we quantified the activity and intensity of vegetative and reproductive phenophases t...
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Published in | Rodriguésia Vol. 74 |
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Language | English |
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Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
2023
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Abstract | Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a micro endemic species, from which nothing is known. Here, we quantified the activity and intensity of vegetative and reproductive phenophases throughout 12 months and tested for their seasonality and their relationship with local climatic variables. Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were continuous. No seasonality was observed in the vegetative phenophases and none of them was influenced by climatic variables. Only flower buds and mature fruits’ intensities showed seasonality in February (rainy season) and July (dry season), respectively. Accordingly, increased temperature and humidity combined explained increased production of flower buds whereas decreased rainfall explained increased mature fruits. Higher intensity in flower buds may respond to similar climatic conditions as other species in the community. However, S. cassiae is much different as it continues producing flowers continuously. Higher intensity of mature fruits in the dry season is expected as their seeds are abiotically dispersed. Due to constant flower and leaf production, S. cassia may be a key species for the conservation of many vertebrate and invertebrate species and for maintaining the biogeochemical functioning of the impoverished soils of the rupestrian grasslands.
Resumo A flora dos campos rupestres brasileiros representa um hotspot de riqueza de espécies e endemismos. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae) é uma espécie micro endêmica, da qual nada se sabe sobre sua história natural. Aqui, quantificamos ao longo de 12 meses a atividade e intensidade das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas e testamos sua sazonalidade e sua relação com as variáveis climáticas locais. Tanto as fenofases vegetativas quanto as reprodutivas foram continuas. Não foi observada nenhuma sazonalidade nas fases vegetativas e nenhuma delas foi influenciada por variáveis climáticas. Somente os botões florais e a intensidade de frutos maduros mostraram sazonalidade significativa em fevereiro (estação chuvosa) e julho (estação seca), respectivamente. Assim, o aumento da temperatura e umidade combinados explicaram o aumento da produção de botões florais, enquanto a diminuição da precipitação explicou o aumento dos frutos maduros. A maior intensidade dos botões florais pode responder a condições climáticas semelhantes às de outras espécies na comunidade. No entanto, S. cassiae é muito diferente, pois produz flores continuamente. É esperada maior intensidade de frutos maduros na estação seca, já que suas sementes são dispersas por vetores abióticos. Devido à produção constante de flores e folhas, S. cassia pode ser uma espécie chave para a conservação de muitas espécies de vertebrados e invertebrados e para a manutenção do funcionamento biogeoquímico dos solos empobrecidos dos campos rupestres. |
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AbstractList | Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a micro endemic species, from which nothing is known. Here, we quantified the activity and intensity of vegetative and reproductive phenophases throughout 12 months and tested for their seasonality and their relationship with local climatic variables. Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were continuous. No seasonality was observed in the vegetative phenophases and none of them was influenced by climatic variables. Only flower buds and mature fruits’ intensities showed seasonality in February (rainy season) and July (dry season), respectively. Accordingly, increased temperature and humidity combined explained increased production of flower buds whereas decreased rainfall explained increased mature fruits. Higher intensity in flower buds may respond to similar climatic conditions as other species in the community. However, S. cassiae is much different as it continues producing flowers continuously. Higher intensity of mature fruits in the dry season is expected as their seeds are abiotically dispersed. Due to constant flower and leaf production, S. cassia may be a key species for the conservation of many vertebrate and invertebrate species and for maintaining the biogeochemical functioning of the impoverished soils of the rupestrian grasslands. Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a micro endemic species, from which nothing is known. Here, we quantified the activity and intensity of vegetative and reproductive phenophases throughout 12 months and tested for their seasonality and their relationship with local climatic variables. Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were continuous. No seasonality was observed in the vegetative phenophases and none of them was influenced by climatic variables. Only flower buds and mature fruits’ intensities showed seasonality in February (rainy season) and July (dry season), respectively. Accordingly, increased temperature and humidity combined explained increased production of flower buds whereas decreased rainfall explained increased mature fruits. Higher intensity in flower buds may respond to similar climatic conditions as other species in the community. However, S. cassiae is much different as it continues producing flowers continuously. Higher intensity of mature fruits in the dry season is expected as their seeds are abiotically dispersed. Due to constant flower and leaf production, S. cassia may be a key species for the conservation of many vertebrate and invertebrate species and for maintaining the biogeochemical functioning of the impoverished soils of the rupestrian grasslands. Resumo A flora dos campos rupestres brasileiros representa um hotspot de riqueza de espécies e endemismos. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae) é uma espécie micro endêmica, da qual nada se sabe sobre sua história natural. Aqui, quantificamos ao longo de 12 meses a atividade e intensidade das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas e testamos sua sazonalidade e sua relação com as variáveis climáticas locais. Tanto as fenofases vegetativas quanto as reprodutivas foram continuas. Não foi observada nenhuma sazonalidade nas fases vegetativas e nenhuma delas foi influenciada por variáveis climáticas. Somente os botões florais e a intensidade de frutos maduros mostraram sazonalidade significativa em fevereiro (estação chuvosa) e julho (estação seca), respectivamente. Assim, o aumento da temperatura e umidade combinados explicaram o aumento da produção de botões florais, enquanto a diminuição da precipitação explicou o aumento dos frutos maduros. A maior intensidade dos botões florais pode responder a condições climáticas semelhantes às de outras espécies na comunidade. No entanto, S. cassiae é muito diferente, pois produz flores continuamente. É esperada maior intensidade de frutos maduros na estação seca, já que suas sementes são dispersas por vetores abióticos. Devido à produção constante de flores e folhas, S. cassia pode ser uma espécie chave para a conservação de muitas espécies de vertebrados e invertebrados e para a manutenção do funcionamento biogeoquímico dos solos empobrecidos dos campos rupestres. |
Author | Aguilar, Ramiro Negreiros, Daniel Guimarães, Gesline Ferreira Santos, Renata Moreira dos Soares, Michel Pereira Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson Santos, Fabíola Mendes dos Ashworth, Lorena |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - campus Salinas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET Universidade Federal de Lavras |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - campus Salinas – name: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – name: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET – name: Universidade Federal de Lavras |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gesline Ferreira orcidid: 0009-0002-8879-5882 surname: Guimarães fullname: Guimarães, Gesline Ferreira organization: Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - campus Salinas, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Michel Pereira orcidid: 0000-0002-1167-4540 surname: Soares fullname: Soares, Michel Pereira organization: Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - campus Salinas, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Renata Moreira dos orcidid: 0000-0001-7022-7022 surname: Santos fullname: Santos, Renata Moreira dos organization: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Fabíola Mendes dos orcidid: 0000-0002-5267-9938 surname: Santos fullname: Santos, Fabíola Mendes dos organization: Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Lorena orcidid: 0000-0002-5659-2477 surname: Ashworth fullname: Ashworth, Lorena organization: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina – sequence: 6 givenname: Daniel orcidid: 0000-0002-4780-2284 surname: Negreiros fullname: Negreiros, Daniel organization: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Ramiro orcidid: 0000-0003-4741-2611 surname: Aguilar fullname: Aguilar, Ramiro organization: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina – sequence: 8 givenname: Geraldo Wilson orcidid: 0000-0003-1559-6049 surname: Fernandes fullname: Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson organization: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil |
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Keywords | phenological events conservation Serra do Espinhaço eventos fenológicos floração prolongada lengthy flowering Espinhaço mountain range conservação |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a... |
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SubjectTerms | conservation ECOLOGY Espinhaço mountain range lengthy flowering phenological events PLANT SCIENCES |
Title | Reproductive and vegetative phenology of the micro endemic Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae) |
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