Power projection of Middle East states in the Horn of Africa: linking security burdens with capabilities

The reported militarization of the Horn of Africa by Middle Eastern states has generated great interest among scholars and analysts alike. Their analyses and articles about the projections of power from the Middle East to the Horn of Africa are exaggerated, however, because they underappreciate the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inSmall wars & insurgencies Vol. 34; no. 4; pp. 759 - 779
Main Authors Donelli, Federico, Cannon, Brendon J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Routledge 19.05.2023
Subjects
extra-regional military deployment
Horn of Africa
Middle East
Military power projection
remote warfare
security burdens
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The reported militarization of the Horn of Africa by Middle Eastern states has generated great interest among scholars and analysts alike. Their analyses and articles about the projections of power from the Middle East to the Horn of Africa are exaggerated, however, because they underappreciate the extant and enduring security burdens of the states in question and overestimate their national power capabilities. This is largely due to common misperceptions and faulty measures of military power. The question that this article answers is therefore not whether states such as Turkey or the United Arab Emirates (UAE) could redeploy limited military resources extra-regionally, but why would they and for how long? Using empirical data from interviews, defence statistics and data from recent deployments of the UAE and Turkey, we show how these key players are inhibited from prospective, long-term, and sustained deployments extra-territorially. This is supported by our analysis of the two states' power capabilities (latent and actual) and their security burdens that constrain and limit options for the use of military tools abroad in the pursuit of foreign policy aims. This has led both Turkey and the UAE to engage in various forms of remote warfare involving local partners, allied militias, and mercenaries.
AbstractList The reported militarization of the Horn of Africa by Middle Eastern states has generated great interest among scholars and analysts alike. Their analyses and articles about the projections of power from the Middle East to the Horn of Africa are exaggerated, however, because they underappreciate the extant and enduring security burdens of the states in question and overestimate their national power capabilities. This is largely due to common misperceptions and faulty measures of military power. The question that this article answers is therefore not whether states such as Turkey or the United Arab Emirates (UAE) could redeploy limited military resources extra-regionally, but why would they and for how long? Using empirical data from interviews, defence statistics and data from recent deployments of the UAE and Turkey, we show how these key players are inhibited from prospective, long-term, and sustained deployments extra-territorially. This is supported by our analysis of the two states' power capabilities (latent and actual) and their security burdens that constrain and limit options for the use of military tools abroad in the pursuit of foreign policy aims. This has led both Turkey and the UAE to engage in various forms of remote warfare involving local partners, allied militias, and mercenaries.
Author Donelli, Federico
Cannon, Brendon J.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Federico
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6093-3510
  surname: Donelli
  fullname: Donelli, Federico
  organization: Khalifa University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Brendon J.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1731-9547
  surname: Cannon
  fullname: Cannon, Brendon J.
  email: brendon.cannon@ku.ac.ae
  organization: University of Genova
BookMark eNp9kM1OAjEYRRuDiYA-gklfYLBfO8N0XEkIiglGF7puOv2R4tCStoTw9jqCW1d3c-5ZnBEa-OANQrdAJkA4uSNN1VAGfEIJhQk09bSq2QUaQl2yoqkqPkDDnil66AqNUtoQAhyADdH6LRxMxLsYNkZlFzwOFr84rTuDFzJlnLLMJmHncV4bvAzxl5jZ6JS8x53zX85_4mTUPrp8xO0-auMTPri8xkruZOs6l51J1-jSyi6Zm_OO0cfj4n2-LFavT8_z2apQDEguuOKl5JrVrZS2AqC8ZJzRmgOTU9o0ULeaNWVJGk6YJkC1ZdYwSyswvDaajVF18qoYUorGil10WxmPAojoc4m_XKLPJc65fn4Pp5_zNsStPITYaZHlsQvRRumVS4L9r_gGJOhznA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4643258
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4644440
crossref_primary_10_52792_tws_1336610
crossref_primary_10_1111_1758_5899_13294
crossref_primary_10_1080_17502977_2023_2295321
crossref_primary_10_1080_09592318_2021_2025288
Cites_doi 10.4324/9780203793855-6
10.1080/15570274.2019.1681776
10.2307/1985872
10.1080/14781158.2018.1438384
10.1111/sena.12293
10.1080/13501763.2015.1115534
10.25253/99.2019214.06
10.25253/99.2019211.09
10.1093/oso/9780195160857.001.0001
10.1080/03050620490492097
10.1002/bs.3830020303
10.1007/978-3-030-27632-4_10
10.1057/9781137484758_10
10.1177/0967010618777890
10.1080/13698249.2018.1483125
10.1080/01436597.2018.1527684
10.1080/01495933.2019.1606662
10.1515/9781400881000
10.1080/01402390.2019.1626724
10.2307/j.ctvk12rcg
10.1285/i20398573v6n2p223
10.2307/2009958
10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00539.x
10.1080/01436597.2019.1693255
10.1080/03932729.2019.1678862
10.1080/03932729.2019.1706389
10.1080/17531055.2015.1042629
10.1111/1758-5899.12797
10.1080/00263209908701290
10.1162/isec_a_00328
10.1080/10246029.2019.1569079
10.15781/T2NV99X6Q
10.1515/9781685850715
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2021
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1080/09592318.2021.1976573
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Military & Naval Science
Political Science
EISSN 1743-9558
EndPage 779
ExternalDocumentID 10_1080_09592318_2021_1976573
1976573
Genre Research Article
GroupedDBID .7I
.QK
0BK
0R~
123
2DF
3YN
4.4
5VS
AAAVI
AAGZJ
AAMFJ
AAMIU
AAPUL
AATTQ
AAZMC
ABBKH
ABCCY
ABFIM
ABJVF
ABLIJ
ABPEM
ABPTX
ABQHQ
ABSSG
ABTAI
ABXUL
ABZLS
ACGFS
ACLSK
ACTIO
ACTOA
ADAHI
ADCVX
ADLRE
ADXPE
AECIN
AEGYZ
AEISY
AEKEX
AEOZL
AEPSL
AEYOC
AEZRU
AFOLD
AFWLO
AGDLA
AGMYJ
AGRBW
AIJEM
AJWEG
AKBVH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALQZU
AVBZW
AWYRJ
BEJHT
BLEHA
BMOTO
BOHLJ
CCCUG
CQ1
CS3
DGFLZ
DKSSO
EBS
EOKQO
E~B
E~C
FUNRP
G-F
GTTXZ
HF~
HZ~
IPNFZ
J.O
KDLKA
KYCEM
LJTGL
M4Z
NA5
O9-
P2P
PQEST
PQQKQ
RIG
RNANH
ROSJB
RSYQP
S-F
STATR
TEY
TFH
TFL
TFW
TNTFI
TRJHH
UT5
UT9
V1K
VAE
~01
~45
~S~
42P
AAYXX
ABJNI
ABXYU
ADKVQ
AHDZW
CITATION
H13
O-.
TBQAZ
TDBHL
TUROJ
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c310t-8c84a8d37baaf51128438327813a629917bd394409803d012df3fe3f251e87ed3
ISSN 0959-2318
IngestDate Thu Sep 26 16:35:54 EDT 2024
Tue Jul 04 18:16:27 EDT 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c310t-8c84a8d37baaf51128438327813a629917bd394409803d012df3fe3f251e87ed3
ORCID 0000-0003-1731-9547
0000-0002-6093-3510
PageCount 21
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1080_09592318_2021_1976573
informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_09592318_2021_1976573
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-05-19
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-05-19
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-05-19
  day: 19
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Small wars & insurgencies
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Routledge
Publisher_xml – name: Routledge
References cit0033
cit0034
Mishra Abhishek (cit0042) 2019
cit0032
Nye Jr Joseph S (cit0046) 2011
cit0030
Mearsheimer John (cit0040) 2001
Aman Abdulkadir W. (cit0003) 2017; 4
International Institute for Strategic Studies (cit0029) 2020
Nye Jr Joseph S (cit0045) 1990
cit0037
Cannon Brendon J (cit0011) 2016; 16
cit0038
cit0035
cit0036
cit0022
cit0023
cit0020
cit0021
cit0062
Abu-Sirriya Jordan (cit0001) 2019
cit0028
cit0027
cit0024
cit0025
Yates Athol (cit0060) 2020
cit0053
cit0010
cit0051
cit0052
cit0050
Cannon Brendon J (cit0012) 2019; 18
Watts Tom (cit0059) 2017
Marshall Andy W (cit0039) 1966
Tellis Ashley J. (cit0054) 2001
cit0019
cit0017
cit0018
cit0015
Turkish Naval Forces (cit0056) 2016
cit0016
Todman Will (cit0055) 2018
cit0013
cit0057
cit0058
cit0044
cit0043
cit0041
Yavuz M. Hakan (cit0061) 2003
Gettinger Dan (cit0026) 2019
Cannon Brendon J. (cit0014) 2017; 2
cit0008
cit0009
cit0006
cit0007
cit0004
cit0048
cit0005
Jervis Robert (cit0031) 2017
cit0049
cit0002
cit0047
References_xml – ident: cit0017
  doi: 10.4324/9780203793855-6
– ident: cit0038
  doi: 10.1080/15570274.2019.1681776
– ident: cit0048
  doi: 10.2307/1985872
– ident: cit0022
  doi: 10.1080/14781158.2018.1438384
– ident: cit0057
  doi: 10.1111/sena.12293
– ident: cit0009
– ident: cit0015
  doi: 10.1080/13501763.2015.1115534
– ident: cit0044
– ident: cit0002
  doi: 10.25253/99.2019214.06
– ident: cit0052
  doi: 10.25253/99.2019211.09
– volume-title: Islamic Political Identity in Turkey
  year: 2003
  ident: cit0061
  doi: 10.1093/oso/9780195160857.001.0001
  contributor:
    fullname: Yavuz M. Hakan
– volume: 16
  start-page: 98
  issue: 14
  year: 2016
  ident: cit0011
  publication-title: Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies
  contributor:
    fullname: Cannon Brendon J
– ident: cit0034
  doi: 10.1080/03050620490492097
– ident: cit0025
– volume: 4
  start-page: 400
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: cit0003
  publication-title: Turkish Economic Review
  contributor:
    fullname: Aman Abdulkadir W.
– ident: cit0018
  doi: 10.1002/bs.3830020303
– volume-title: Problems of Estimating Military Power
  year: 1966
  ident: cit0039
  contributor:
    fullname: Marshall Andy W
– ident: cit0035
– volume-title: Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power
  year: 1990
  ident: cit0045
  contributor:
    fullname: Nye Jr Joseph S
– ident: cit0041
– volume-title: How the Gulf States’ Investments are Destabilizing the Horn of Africa
  year: 2019
  ident: cit0001
  contributor:
    fullname: Abu-Sirriya Jordan
– ident: cit0010
– ident: cit0049
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27632-4_10
– ident: cit0051
– ident: cit0050
  doi: 10.1057/9781137484758_10
– ident: cit0021
  doi: 10.1177/0967010618777890
– volume-title: Turkish Naval Forces Strategy
  year: 2016
  ident: cit0056
  contributor:
    fullname: Turkish Naval Forces
– ident: cit0058
  doi: 10.1080/13698249.2018.1483125
– volume-title: The Future of Power
  year: 2011
  ident: cit0046
  contributor:
    fullname: Nye Jr Joseph S
– volume-title: The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
  year: 2001
  ident: cit0040
  contributor:
    fullname: Mearsheimer John
– volume-title: The Gulf Scramble for Africa. GCC States’ Foreign Policy Laboratory
  year: 2018
  ident: cit0055
  contributor:
    fullname: Todman Will
– ident: cit0033
  doi: 10.1080/01436597.2018.1527684
– ident: cit0027
  doi: 10.1080/01495933.2019.1606662
– ident: cit0006
  doi: 10.1515/9781400881000
– volume-title: Defining Remote Warfare: Security Cooperation
  year: 2017
  ident: cit0059
  contributor:
    fullname: Watts Tom
– ident: cit0043
  doi: 10.1080/01402390.2019.1626724
– ident: cit0032
  doi: 10.2307/j.ctvk12rcg
– ident: cit0023
  doi: 10.1285/i20398573v6n2p223
– ident: cit0030
  doi: 10.2307/2009958
– ident: cit0036
  doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00539.x
– ident: cit0004
– ident: cit0013
  doi: 10.1080/01436597.2019.1693255
– volume: 18
  start-page: 31
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: cit0012
  publication-title: Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies
  contributor:
    fullname: Cannon Brendon J
– volume-title: Gulf’s Involvement in Horn of Africa: Lessons for African Countries
  year: 2019
  ident: cit0042
  contributor:
    fullname: Mishra Abhishek
– ident: cit0020
  doi: 10.1080/03932729.2019.1678862
– ident: cit0024
  doi: 10.1080/03932729.2019.1706389
– ident: cit0047
  doi: 10.1080/17531055.2015.1042629
– ident: cit0016
– ident: cit0007
  doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.12797
– volume: 2
  start-page: 7
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: cit0014
  publication-title: Rising Power Quarterly
  contributor:
    fullname: Cannon Brendon J.
– volume-title: Measuring National Power in the Postindustrial Age
  year: 2001
  ident: cit0054
  contributor:
    fullname: Tellis Ashley J.
– volume-title: The Evolution of the Armed Forces of the United Arab Emirates
  year: 2020
  ident: cit0060
  contributor:
    fullname: Yates Athol
– ident: cit0053
– ident: cit0005
  doi: 10.1080/00263209908701290
– volume-title: Perception and Misperception in International Politics [New Edition]
  year: 2017
  ident: cit0031
  contributor:
    fullname: Jervis Robert
– ident: cit0019
– ident: cit0008
  doi: 10.1162/isec_a_00328
– volume-title: The Drone Databook 2019
  year: 2019
  ident: cit0026
  contributor:
    fullname: Gettinger Dan
– volume-title: IISS Military Balance 2020
  year: 2020
  ident: cit0029
  contributor:
    fullname: International Institute for Strategic Studies
– ident: cit0062
  doi: 10.1080/10246029.2019.1569079
– ident: cit0037
  doi: 10.15781/T2NV99X6Q
– ident: cit0028
  doi: 10.1515/9781685850715
SSID ssj0018113
Score 2.3610623
Snippet The reported militarization of the Horn of Africa by Middle Eastern states has generated great interest among scholars and analysts alike. Their analyses and...
SourceID crossref
informaworld
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 759
SubjectTerms extra-regional military deployment
Horn of Africa
Middle East
Military power projection
remote warfare
security burdens
Title Power projection of Middle East states in the Horn of Africa: linking security burdens with capabilities
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592318.2021.1976573
Volume 34
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3BTttAEF2l4dJLRWkR0BbNoerFchR7HXbNjRZQhBRUqaAiLpbtXascSFBiVMGFX-_M7jh2KEKlFyuynLXjeZl9O_tmRojPVPDZxrYMkazLMClMGRY60aFMK6VLVRWJE2NOTvfG58nJxeii13voqJZu62JQ3j-ZV_I_VsVzaFfKkn2BZZeD4gn8jPbFI1oYj_9k4-_U4izgYAozv4mLOARH-aIOXLbQopEyjmdzd4VvDUShAG6cECy4iV1QuKQGzngrcR510tlGZ8gc9sc1bWf_xhWxww2p2V0GZ0eOeDgj9YwTChxTtQqEW7vZMZ36nf6vJMfFhz4ZdEMPsRP6sYNrY4hIEL0Dtd6DUs3TdOTrsTculuOVV934gfOXisuB-6lX-b4yf3l1lkHi3ehmuKiPo0GEPGrku6CsVtF-NLstNYdRUwyVh8lomIyHeSXWYoVP3RdrB-PDy5_LjSgd-Q7bzS9tksCoPPtTz7NCb1aK33Zoy9m6eMPrDTjw4Hkrena6IbYmrjb7_A6-wGmOiAR28RtinQWR7bl34pfDGbQ4g1kFHmdAOAOPM7iaAuIMCGd0hcfZPjDKoEEZMMqAUAZdlL0X58dHZ9_GIXfoCEtcFtShLnWSayNVkecVUXdNlW9jpSOZ7yHRiVRhKPN6mOqhNMiFTCUrKysk1VYra-Sm6CPm7JYAa3BySJE8JkmZDHOdxri4Tq0ZKmWQA-fbYtC82OzGF2LJnjXptki7rz-rXQSs8u1qMvnsd3deerMP4nX7B_ko-vX81n5CtloXu4yoP1VbjCs
link.rule.ids 315,786,790,27955,27956,60004,60793
linkProvider Library Specific Holdings
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1NT9tAEB3RcGgvlNJWCQU6h4qbQ5x1suveEAKZNIkqFCRulr0fAiElKDEH-PWdWa9pQIILV8tr2bvrnbezb94D-MWCz7ZvdURgXURJaXRUqkRFInVSaenKxJMxJ9NhdpmMrgZXa7UwTKvkPbSrhSL8Ws0_NyejG0rcEeeuCJcwM6sfd2OKqAMpPsDmkBFKCzZnF6MsezpLUHEcDOXTiFs1dTyvPehZhHqmX7oWec4-g27euSac3Hbvq7KrH1_IOb7vo7ZhKwBTPK5n0hfYsPMdaE-8iPfyAQ9xWtCkxLAW7MB2YM79v_YVrv-y5xqG7A6NOC4cTnwKBE-LVYW-fGmFN3Mk3InZYunvqL2KfmPwccBV8NTD0tdYrJCTxagprHsmL-3tv8Hl2ensJIuClUOkCT9WkdIqKZQRsiwKxxhPsURqX6pYFEOKiLEsDZfo9lLVE4aCpnHCWeEIfVklrRHfoTVfzG0b0BpaRVJCGUmik16h0j7twlJrelIaAktFB7rN8OV3tWJHHjdCqKGPc-7jPPRxB9L1Qc4rnypxta9JLt5su_uOtj_hYzabjPPx-fTPD_jEPvZMS4jTPWhVy3u7T2inKg_CdP4HqULxzw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3JTsMwEB1BkRAXdtSyzgFxS2nqUDvcEFCFpRVCIHGL4tgWCKlFTXqAr2fsOGwSXLhGcZTYjud5_OY9gH0r-Ky7Og8IrLMgkioPpIhEwGLDRc6NjBwZczDsJffR5cNRzSYsPK3S7qFNJRTh1mr7c78oUzPiDm3qimCJJWZ1w3ZIAfWIs1mY61mxtwbM3d1eJsnHUYIIQ-8nHwe2VV3G89uDvgWob_KlXwJPfwlk_coV3-S5PS1lO3_7oeb4r29ahkUPS_GkmkcrMKNHq9AcOAnvySse4DCjKYl-JViFZc-b-7y2Bo831nENfW6HxhvHBgcuAYLnWVGiK14q8GmEhDoxGU_cHZVT0TF6FwcsvKMeSldhUaBNFWNOQd3xeGlnvw73_fO70yTwRg5BTuixDEQuokwoxmWWGYvwhBVI7XIRsqxH8TDkUtkC3U4sOkxRyFSGGc0MYS8tuFZsAxqj8Ug3AbWiNSQmjBFFedTJRNylPVisVYdzRVApa0G7Hr30pdLrSMNaBtX3cWr7OPV93IL46xinpUuUmMrVJGV_tt38R9s9mL8566fXF8OrLViwJvaWkxDG29AoJ1O9Q1CnlLt-Mr8D_SPwjg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Power+projection+of+Middle+East+states+in+the+Horn+of+Africa%3A+linking+security+burdens+with+capabilities&rft.jtitle=Small+wars+%26+insurgencies&rft.au=Donelli%2C+Federico&rft.au=Cannon%2C+Brendon+J.&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft.issn=0959-2318&rft.eissn=1743-9558&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=759&rft.epage=779&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09592318.2021.1976573&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1080_09592318_2021_1976573
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0959-2318&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0959-2318&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0959-2318&client=summon