Flooding tolerance of Carex species. I. Root structure
Young Carex extensa Good., C. remota L. and C. pseudocyperus L. plants were subjected to aerobic or anaerobic growth conditions in nutrient solution for 40 d. Root anatomy was studied by serial transsections and longitudinal sections of the root tip. Under both growth conditions, the flooding-intole...
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Published in | Planta Vol. 207; no. 2; pp. 189 - 198 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin
Springer-Verlag
01.12.1998
Springer |
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Abstract | Young Carex extensa Good., C. remota L. and C. pseudocyperus L. plants were subjected to aerobic or anaerobic growth conditions in nutrient solution for 40 d. Root anatomy was studied by serial transsections and longitudinal sections of the root tip. Under both growth conditions, the flooding-intolerant C. extensa developed the typical Carex root pattern, i.e. an intact cortex in the youngest part of the root, but lysogenous aerenchyma in maturing parts. In contrast, flooding-tolerant C. remota from periodically flooded habitats showed a similar root anatomy to C. extensa under aerobic conditions, but a cortex with fine intercellular spaces throughout most of the root under anaerobic conditions. The flooding-tolerant C. pseudocyperus from permanently flooded stands developed an intact cortex over most of the root length under both growth conditions. Fine intercellular spaces on four sides of each cortical cell penetrated into the very tip of the root in this species, connecting the whole root with the lacunae of the leaves and the atmosphere. In both flooding-tolerant species, morphometry showed that even under anaerobic growth conditions and despite the maintenance of a juvenile growth habit, i.e. intact cortical cells, the average root porosities were more than 20% and there was an increase in the contact area between intercellular gas spaces and the surface of cortical cells. While C. remota showed radial oxygen loss along the whole root length, C. pseudocyperus released oxygen to an oxygen-free medium only at the root tip. It is concluded that the maintenance of a juvenile root structure in combination with a system of fine intercellular spaces allows efficient nutrient uptake and plant growth during anaerobiosis in flooding-tolerant Carex species, in contrast to those species which may tolerate periods of anaerobiosis by forming aerenchyma at the cost of decreased nutrient uptake and growth. |
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AbstractList | Young Carex extensa Good., C. remota L. and C. pseudocyperus L. plants were subjected to aerobic or anaerobic growth conditions in nutrient solution for 40 d. Root anatomy was studied by serial transsections and longitudinal sections of the root tip. Under both growth conditions, the flooding-intolerant C. extensa developed the typical Carex root pattern, i.e. an intact cortex in the youngest part of the root, but lysogenous aerenchyma in maturing parts. In contrast, flooding-tolerant C. remota from periodically flooded habitats showed a similar root anatomy to C. extensa under aerobic conditions, but a cortex with fine intercellular spaces throughout most of the root under anaerobic conditions. The flooding-tolerant C. pseudocyperus from permanently flooded stands developed an intact cortex over most of the root length under both growth conditions. Fine intercellular spaces on four sides of each cortical cell penetrated into the very tip of the root in this species, connecting the whole root with the lacunae of the leaves and the atmosphere. In both flooding-tolerant species, morphometry showed that even under anaerobic growth conditions and despite the maintenance of a juvenile growth habit, i.e. intact cortical cells, the average root porosities were more than 20% and there was an increase in the contact area between intercellular gas spaces and the surface of cortical cells. While C. remota showed radial oxygen loss along the whole root length, C. pseudocyperus released oxygen to an oxygen-free medium only at the root tip. It is concluded that the maintenance of a juvenile root structure in combination with a system of fine intercellular spaces allows efficient nutrient uptake and plant growth during anaerobiosis in flooding-tolerant Carex species, in contrast to those species which may tolerate periods of anaerobiosis by forming aerenchyma at the cost of decreased nutrient uptake and growth. |
Author | Moog, P.R |
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Keywords | Plant tissue Monocotyledones Root Anaerobe Angiospermae Cyperaceae Tolerance Above ground plant part Submersion Spermatophyta Anatomy |
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SubjectTerms | Aerobic conditions air Anaerobic conditions Biological and medical sciences Carex carex extensa carex pseudocyperus carex remota cortex Extracellular space flooding Flooding tolerance Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology growth intercellular spaces juvenility nutrient solutions nutrient uptake Oxygen Physical agents plant anatomy plant morphology Plant physiology and development Plant roots Plants Porosity Root growth Root tips roots species differences tolerance Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. Senescence water stress |
Title | Flooding tolerance of Carex species. I. Root structure |
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