Opioid and Cannabinoid Systems in Pain: Emerging Molecular Mechanisms and Use in Clinical Practice, Health, and Fitness

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 17; p. 9407
• Main Authors: Secondulfo, Carmine, Mazzeo, Filomena, Pastorino, Grazia Maria Giovanna, Vicidomini, Antonella, Meccariello, Rosaria, Operto, Francesca Felicia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.08.2024
• Subjects: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology; Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use; Animals; Cannabidiol; Cannabidiol - pharmacology; Cannabidiol - therapeutic use; cannabinoids; Cannabinoids - pharmacology; Cannabinoids - therapeutic use; CB1; Chronic Pain - drug therapy; Chronic Pain - metabolism; Clinical medicine; Endocannabinoids - metabolism; Epigenesis, Genetic - drug effects; Epigenetics; Genes; Humans; Kinases; Narcotics; Nervous system; Neurons; opioids; Oprm1; Pain; Pain - drug therapy; Pain - metabolism; Pain Management - methods; Receptors, Cannabinoid - metabolism; Receptors, Opioid - metabolism; Signal transduction; Spinal cord; pain; CB1; CBD; Oprm1; cannabinoids; clinical practice; health and fitness; epigenetics; opioids

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Adequate pain control is often challenging, particularly in patients with chronic pain. Despite advances in pain management, drug addiction, overtreatment, or substance use disorders are not rare. Hence the need for further studies in the field...