The relationship between developmental stages of flower-buds and somatic mutations induced by acute X- and chronic gamma-irradiation in Cosmos bipinnatus

Experiments were conducted on the effects of acute X-, and chronic γ-irradiation of different stages of flower development in Cosmos bipinnatus with particular reference to the induction of somatic mutations. Clone I was heterozygous both for flower colour and flower type, while Clone II was heteroz...

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Published inRadiation botany Vol. 7; no. 3; pp. 225 - 240
Main Authors Gupta, M.N., Samata, Y.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 1967
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Abstract Experiments were conducted on the effects of acute X-, and chronic γ-irradiation of different stages of flower development in Cosmos bipinnatus with particular reference to the induction of somatic mutations. Clone I was heterozygous both for flower colour and flower type, while Clone II was heterozygous for flower colour only. Stage of flower development was controlled by giving short-day treatment prior to irradiation. Plants were irradiated with 2 kR of X-rays at the vegetative stage and after 10, 20 and 27 days of short-day treatment. For chronic irradiation two groups of growing plants of Clone I were transplanted to the gamma field, and received a total exposure of about 3 and 2 kR of γ-rays. Somatic mutations appeared as narrow streaks to wide sectors of red, light pink and white colours on a background of normal colour of the ray florets. The maximum number of flowers with mutations was observed in Clone I after 20 days of short-day treatment. The relative frequency of flowers with colour mutations varied with the clone and stage of flower development at the time of irradiation. Narrower sectors of mutated colour with a higher frequency were observed at advanced stages of flower development; wider sectors of mutated colour with a lower frequency were induced at vegetative and younger stages of flower development. The number of mutations decreased as greater time elapsed between irradiation and flowering but the frequency of mutant sectors of larger size increased. Various types of physiological injuries were observed. The most commonly observed morphological abnormality was the dissection of ray florets. Mutation rate was very low after chronic γ-irradiation as compared with the acute X-irradiation. On a réalisé des expériences sur les effets de rayons X en doses aigués et de rayons gamma en doses chroniques a différents stades du développement floral de Cosmos bipinnatus. Particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'induction de mutations somatiques. Le Clone I était hétérozygote à la fois pour la couleur de la fleur et le type floral, alors que le Clone II était seulement hétérozygote pour la couleur de la fleur. On a contrôlé le stade de développement floral par des traitements en jours courts avant irradiation. Les plantes ont été irradiées par 2 kR de rayons X a un stade végétatif ainsi qu'aprés 10, 20 et 27 jours de traitement en jours courts. Pour le traitement gamma chronique, on a transplanté 2 groupes de plantes de Clone I dans un champ gamma oú elles ont reçu des doses totales d'environ 3 et 2 kR de rayons gamma. Les mutations somatiques apparaissent sous forme de files étroites ou de larges secteurs de couleurs rouge, rose pâle et blanc sur le fond de couleur normale des fleurons des rayons. Le nombre maximum de fleurs mutantes a été observé chez le clone I aprés 20 jours de couleurs mutantes varie d'un clone a l'autre et avec le stade du développement floral au moment de l'irradiation. Des secteurs plus étroits de couleurs mutantes ont été observés en fréquence supérieure a des stades plus avancés du développement floral. Des secteurs plus larges de couleurs mutantes ont été induits à de plus flaibles fréquences aux stades végétatifs et aux stades précoces du développement floral. Le nombre de mutations décroit quand le temps entre l'irradiation et la floraison est accru mais la fréquence des secteurs mutants de plus grandes tailles est augmentée. Des types divers de lésions physiologiques ont été observés. Les anomalies morphologiques les plus communément observées consistent en dissections des fleurons du rayon. Le taux de mutations est trés faible aprés irradiation gamma chronique comparativement à l'irradiation aiguë par les rayons X. Um die Wirkung akuter Röntgen- und chronischer Gammastrahlung zu untersuchen, wurden an Cosmos bipinnatus Versuche während verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien der Blüte durchgefuhrt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Induktion somatischer Mutationen. Klon I war heterozygot sowohl für Farbe wie für Typus der Blüte, Klon II war nur für die Farbe der Blüte heterozygot. Das Stadium der Blütenentwicklung wurde durch Kurztag-Behandlung vor der Bestrahlung gesteuert. Im vegetativen Stadium und nach einer Kurztag-Behandlung von 10, 20 und 27 Tagen wurden die Pflanzen mit 2 R Röntgenstrahlen behandelt. Um die Pflanzen einer chronischen Gammastrahlung auszusetzen, wurden zwei Gruppen wachsender Pflanzen des Klons I in das Gammafeld umgepflanzt und einer Gammastrahlung von insgesamt etwa 3 R und 2 R ausgesetzt. Somatische Mutationen zeigten sich in Form von schmalen Streifen bis zu breiten Sektoren von roter, hell rosa und weisser Farbe auf einem normal gefarbten Hintergrund der Strahlenblume. Die grösste Zahl an Blüten mit Mutationen wurde bei Klon I nach 20-tagiger Kurztag-Behandlung beobachtet. Die relative Haufigkeit der Bluten mit Farbmutationen variierte mit dem Klon und dem Entwicklungsstadium der Blüte zum Zeitpunkt der Bestrahlung. Schmalere Sektoren der Mutantenfarbe wurden mit grösserer Haufigkeit bei Blüten fortgeschrittener Entwicklungsstadien beobachtet. Breitere Sektoren der Mutantenfarbe wurden mit geringerer Hauflgkeit in den vegetativen und jüngeren Stadien der Blütenentwicklung beobachtet. Die Zahl der Mutationen nahm ab, wenn einc längere Zeit zwischen Bestrahlung und Blütezeit verstrich; die Häufigkeit mutierter Sektoren grösseren Umfangs nahm jedoch zu. Verschiedene Arten physiologischer Schäden wurden beobachtet. Unter den morphologischen Abnormitaten wurde meistens die Zerteilung der Strahlenblüte beobachtet. Im Vergleich zur akuten Röntgenstrahlung war die Mutationsrate nach chronischer Gammastrahlung sehr gering.
AbstractList Experiments were conducted on the effects of acute X-, and chronic γ-irradiation of different stages of flower development in Cosmos bipinnatus with particular reference to the induction of somatic mutations. Clone I was heterozygous both for flower colour and flower type, while Clone II was heterozygous for flower colour only. Stage of flower development was controlled by giving short-day treatment prior to irradiation. Plants were irradiated with 2 kR of X-rays at the vegetative stage and after 10, 20 and 27 days of short-day treatment. For chronic irradiation two groups of growing plants of Clone I were transplanted to the gamma field, and received a total exposure of about 3 and 2 kR of γ-rays. Somatic mutations appeared as narrow streaks to wide sectors of red, light pink and white colours on a background of normal colour of the ray florets. The maximum number of flowers with mutations was observed in Clone I after 20 days of short-day treatment. The relative frequency of flowers with colour mutations varied with the clone and stage of flower development at the time of irradiation. Narrower sectors of mutated colour with a higher frequency were observed at advanced stages of flower development; wider sectors of mutated colour with a lower frequency were induced at vegetative and younger stages of flower development. The number of mutations decreased as greater time elapsed between irradiation and flowering but the frequency of mutant sectors of larger size increased. Various types of physiological injuries were observed. The most commonly observed morphological abnormality was the dissection of ray florets. Mutation rate was very low after chronic γ-irradiation as compared with the acute X-irradiation. On a réalisé des expériences sur les effets de rayons X en doses aigués et de rayons gamma en doses chroniques a différents stades du développement floral de Cosmos bipinnatus. Particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'induction de mutations somatiques. Le Clone I était hétérozygote à la fois pour la couleur de la fleur et le type floral, alors que le Clone II était seulement hétérozygote pour la couleur de la fleur. On a contrôlé le stade de développement floral par des traitements en jours courts avant irradiation. Les plantes ont été irradiées par 2 kR de rayons X a un stade végétatif ainsi qu'aprés 10, 20 et 27 jours de traitement en jours courts. Pour le traitement gamma chronique, on a transplanté 2 groupes de plantes de Clone I dans un champ gamma oú elles ont reçu des doses totales d'environ 3 et 2 kR de rayons gamma. Les mutations somatiques apparaissent sous forme de files étroites ou de larges secteurs de couleurs rouge, rose pâle et blanc sur le fond de couleur normale des fleurons des rayons. Le nombre maximum de fleurs mutantes a été observé chez le clone I aprés 20 jours de couleurs mutantes varie d'un clone a l'autre et avec le stade du développement floral au moment de l'irradiation. Des secteurs plus étroits de couleurs mutantes ont été observés en fréquence supérieure a des stades plus avancés du développement floral. Des secteurs plus larges de couleurs mutantes ont été induits à de plus flaibles fréquences aux stades végétatifs et aux stades précoces du développement floral. Le nombre de mutations décroit quand le temps entre l'irradiation et la floraison est accru mais la fréquence des secteurs mutants de plus grandes tailles est augmentée. Des types divers de lésions physiologiques ont été observés. Les anomalies morphologiques les plus communément observées consistent en dissections des fleurons du rayon. Le taux de mutations est trés faible aprés irradiation gamma chronique comparativement à l'irradiation aiguë par les rayons X. Um die Wirkung akuter Röntgen- und chronischer Gammastrahlung zu untersuchen, wurden an Cosmos bipinnatus Versuche während verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien der Blüte durchgefuhrt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Induktion somatischer Mutationen. Klon I war heterozygot sowohl für Farbe wie für Typus der Blüte, Klon II war nur für die Farbe der Blüte heterozygot. Das Stadium der Blütenentwicklung wurde durch Kurztag-Behandlung vor der Bestrahlung gesteuert. Im vegetativen Stadium und nach einer Kurztag-Behandlung von 10, 20 und 27 Tagen wurden die Pflanzen mit 2 R Röntgenstrahlen behandelt. Um die Pflanzen einer chronischen Gammastrahlung auszusetzen, wurden zwei Gruppen wachsender Pflanzen des Klons I in das Gammafeld umgepflanzt und einer Gammastrahlung von insgesamt etwa 3 R und 2 R ausgesetzt. Somatische Mutationen zeigten sich in Form von schmalen Streifen bis zu breiten Sektoren von roter, hell rosa und weisser Farbe auf einem normal gefarbten Hintergrund der Strahlenblume. Die grösste Zahl an Blüten mit Mutationen wurde bei Klon I nach 20-tagiger Kurztag-Behandlung beobachtet. Die relative Haufigkeit der Bluten mit Farbmutationen variierte mit dem Klon und dem Entwicklungsstadium der Blüte zum Zeitpunkt der Bestrahlung. Schmalere Sektoren der Mutantenfarbe wurden mit grösserer Haufigkeit bei Blüten fortgeschrittener Entwicklungsstadien beobachtet. Breitere Sektoren der Mutantenfarbe wurden mit geringerer Hauflgkeit in den vegetativen und jüngeren Stadien der Blütenentwicklung beobachtet. Die Zahl der Mutationen nahm ab, wenn einc längere Zeit zwischen Bestrahlung und Blütezeit verstrich; die Häufigkeit mutierter Sektoren grösseren Umfangs nahm jedoch zu. Verschiedene Arten physiologischer Schäden wurden beobachtet. Unter den morphologischen Abnormitaten wurde meistens die Zerteilung der Strahlenblüte beobachtet. Im Vergleich zur akuten Röntgenstrahlung war die Mutationsrate nach chronischer Gammastrahlung sehr gering.
Author Gupta, M.N.
Samata, Y.
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Snippet Experiments were conducted on the effects of acute X-, and chronic γ-irradiation of different stages of flower development in Cosmos bipinnatus with particular...
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Title The relationship between developmental stages of flower-buds and somatic mutations induced by acute X- and chronic gamma-irradiation in Cosmos bipinnatus
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