Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin vehicles
The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HPβCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9±0.24°C an...
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Published in | Archives of pharmacal research Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 560 - 565 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Korea (South)
Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
01.12.1997
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Abstract | The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HPβCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9±0.24°C and 7249±217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPβCD without PG increased (R²=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPβCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPβCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPβCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPβCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r²>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl−NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4∼10 at 70°C. In HCl−NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPβCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT. |
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AbstractList | The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9+/-0.24 degrees C and 7249+/-217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPbetaCD without PG increased (R(2)=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPbetaCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPbetaCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPbetaCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPbetaCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r(2)>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4 approximately 10 at 70 degrees C. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPbetaCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT. The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9+/-0.24 degrees C and 7249+/-217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPbetaCD without PG increased (R(2)=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPbetaCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPbetaCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPbetaCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPbetaCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r(2)>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4 approximately 10 at 70 degrees C. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPbetaCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT. The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HPβCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9±0.24°C and 7249±217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPβCD without PG increased (R²=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPβCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPβCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPβCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPβCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r²>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl−NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4∼10 at 70°C. In HCl−NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPβCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT. |
Author | Sack, Robert L Kim, Chong-Kook Ayres, James W Choi, Han-Gon Lee, Beom-Jin Parrott, Keith A |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/0378-5173(95)00088-Z 10.1016/0378-5173(88)90081-6 10.1021/jo00418a010 10.1007/BF02976502 10.3109/03639049509063026 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11811.x 10.1016/S0378-5173(96)04723-0 10.1021/ja01531a060 10.1002/jps.2600800620 10.1002/jps.2600740410 10.1002/jps.3030480202 10.1210/jcem-61-6-1214 10.1159/000123997 10.3109/03639049609058571 10.1016/0378-5173(89)90264-0 |
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References | S. H. Yalkowsky (BF02975212_CR20) 1985; 74 K. A. Connors (BF02975212_CR3) 1979 B.-J. Lee (BF02975212_CR10) 1995; 18 G. A. Dilbeck (BF02975212_CR4) 1978; 43 B.-J. Lee (BF02975212_CR12) 1996; 22 BF02975212_CR1 T. Loftsson (BF02975212_CR15) 1989; 57 B.-J. Lee (BF02975212_CR13) 1994; 85 E. A. Lane (BF02975212_CR8) 1985; 61 A. Yoshida (BF02975212_CR21) 1988; 46 A. B. Lerner (BF02975212_CR14) 1959; 81 B. W. Muller (BF02975212_CR17) 1991; 80 J. Konsil (BF02975212_CR7) 1995; 21 T. Higuchi (BF02975212_CR6) 1965; 4 B.-J. Lee (BF02975212_CR9) 1996; 144 B.-J. Lee (BF02975212_CR11) 1995; 124 F. Waldhauser (BF02975212_CR18) 1985; 453 A. D. Marcus (BF02975212_CR16) 1959; 48 D. Duchene (BF02975212_CR5) 1990; 14 F. Waldahuser (BF02975212_CR19) 1984; 39 L. Benes (BF02975212_CR2) 1993 |
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Snippet | The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HPβCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was... The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT... |
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SubjectTerms | absorption bioavailability differential scanning calorimetry heat manufacturing melatonin melting point propylene glycol solubility solubilization |
Title | Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin vehicles |
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