A simple method for the preparation and selective functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles

A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A simple procedure for the synthesis and further fun...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inTetrahedron letters Vol. 44; no. 14; pp. 3009 - 3011
Main Authors Blass, Benjamin E, Srivastava, Anil, Coburn, Keith R, Faulkner, Amy L, Seibel, William L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published OXFORD Elsevier Ltd 31.03.2003
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
AbstractList A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were obtained in good yield, and the structures have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Author Blass, Benjamin E
Faulkner, Amy L
Seibel, William L
Srivastava, Anil
Coburn, Keith R
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Benjamin E
  surname: Blass
  fullname: Blass, Benjamin E
  email: blass.be@pg.com
  organization: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anil
  surname: Srivastava
  fullname: Srivastava, Anil
  email: anil@chembiotek.com
  organization: Chembiotek Research International, Salt Lake, Block BN, Sector V, Kolkata-700091, India
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Keith R
  surname: Coburn
  fullname: Coburn, Keith R
  organization: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Amy L
  surname: Faulkner
  fullname: Faulkner, Amy L
  organization: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: William L
  surname: Seibel
  fullname: Seibel, William L
  organization: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
BookMark eNqNkE1LAzEQhoNUsK3-BCFHRVeTzX5kT1IWv6DgQT15CNtkQiO7myXZVtpfb9otvWouMyTvM2SeCRq1tgWELim5o4Rm9--EJCRKCCuuCLsmofKIn6Ax5TmLWMrpCI2PkTM08f6bhJNxMkZfM-xN09WAG-iXVmFtHe6XgDsHXeWq3tgWV63CHmqQvVkD1qtW7q6r2myHd6txcptGylSNaW23cdXW1uDP0amuag8XhzpFn0-PH-VLNH97fi1n80gykvcRA87jWMoiKRSlaSbzLE21ymQhKaNaqYQU8aLIFOQyC4FCJ6FNY805JDHN2RSlw1zprPcOtOicaSq3EZSInSGxNyR26wvCxN6Q4IHjA_cDC6u9NNBKOLLBEOWUF4yHLs1L0--XLe2q7QN68380pB-GNAQLawNOHAhlXJAqlDV_fPUXzRaQvQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_chin_200327106
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3OB01997G
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_orglett_0c01809
crossref_primary_10_1002_cjoc_201180265
crossref_primary_10_1002_jhet_1802
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tetlet_2004_03_142
crossref_primary_10_5012_jkcs_2010_54_6_737
crossref_primary_10_1002_jhet_482
crossref_primary_10_1080_00397910701557564
Cites_doi 10.3987/COM-94-6967
10.1248/bpb.21.87
10.1007/978-3-0348-6057-4_7
10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82297-2
10.1021/jm00018a012
10.1002/jlac.199619960522
10.1002/jhet.5570360310
10.1002/jhet.5570200612
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2003
Copyright_xml – notice: 2003
DBID 1KM
1KN
BLEPL
DTL
FVWVB
AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8
DatabaseName Index Chemicus
Current Chemical Reactions
Web of Science Core Collection
Science Citation Index Expanded
Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2003
CrossRef
DatabaseTitle Web of Science
CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList Web of Science

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: 1KN
  name: Current Chemical Reactions
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/search-with-editions?editions=WOS.CCR
  sourceTypes:
    Enrichment Source
    Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Chemistry
EISSN 1873-3581
EndPage 3011
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_S0040_4039_03_00398_8
000181893800057
S0040403903003988
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
-ET
-~X
.GJ
.HR
.~1
0R~
123
186
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
29Q
3EH
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5VS
6TJ
7-5
71M
85S
8P~
9JM
9JN
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AARLI
AATCM
AAXUO
AAYOK
ABFNM
ABFRF
ABGSF
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABPPZ
ABUDA
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ABZDS
ACBEA
ACBNA
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACKIV
ACNCT
ACNNM
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADECG
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADUVX
AEBSH
AEFWE
AEHWI
AEKER
AENEX
AFFNX
AFKWA
AFMIJ
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AFZHZ
AGHFR
AGRDE
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AJSZI
ALCLG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
D0S
DOVZS
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FLBIZ
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
G8K
GBLVA
HMS
HVGLF
HZ~
IH2
IHE
J1W
K-O
KOM
M2Z
M41
MO0
MVM
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OGGZJ
OHT
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
R2-
RIG
RNS
ROL
RPZ
SCB
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SEW
SOC
SPC
SPCBC
SSK
SSP
SSU
SSZ
T5K
TN5
TWZ
UQL
WH7
WUQ
XFK
XJT
XPP
XSW
Y6R
YK3
YQJ
YR2
ZCG
ZKB
ZMT
ZXP
~02
~G-
~KM
1KM
1KN
AAHBH
AAXKI
ADVLN
AKRWK
BLEPL
DTL
GROUPED_WOS_SCIENCE_CITATION_INDEX_EXPANDED
AAYXX
AFJKZ
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c307t-3e8822cc949d1156c7655fd6c9c131fdd4092b96de7c61159f4de752f88e42173
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISICitedReferencesCount 16
ISICitedReferencesURI https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&UT=000181893800057
ISSN 0040-4039
IngestDate Thu Sep 26 18:29:58 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 23:10:38 EDT 2024
Fri Nov 08 20:01:18 EST 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:34:40 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 14
Keywords 4,5-diaminopyrazoles
urea derivatives
nitrosation
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
LogoURL https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c307t-3e8822cc949d1156c7655fd6c9c131fdd4092b96de7c61159f4de752f88e42173
PageCount 3
ParticipantIDs webofscience_primary_000181893800057CitationCount
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0040_4039_03_00398_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0040_4039_03_00398_8
webofscience_primary_000181893800057
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2003-03-31
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2003-03-31
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2003
  text: 2003-03-31
  day: 31
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace OXFORD
PublicationPlace_xml – name: OXFORD
PublicationTitle Tetrahedron letters
PublicationTitleAbbrev TETRAHEDRON LETT
PublicationYear 2003
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Elsevier
References Moderhack (BIB6) 1996
Goettel, O.; Pirrello, A.; Hayoz, A.; Morand, E. EP 1236460 A1, 2002
Daidone, G.; Maggio, B.; Raffa, D.; Plescia, S. Schillaci 1st Italian–Swiss Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry, Turin, Italy, 23–26 September 1997
Malle, G.; Vidal, L.; Samain, H. EP 796850 A1, 1997
Braulio, Henry, Jairo (BIB8) 1999; 36
Namiki, T.; Yuasa, M.; Takakuwa, T.; Ichinomiya, S.; Kawasu, Y.; Kishii, K. WO9833799 A1, 1998.
Weinges, A.; Balzer, W. R.; Gerstung, S.; Gerstung, S. D. DE 4422603 A1, 1996
Vicentini, Veronese, Giori (BIB7) 1998; 29
Jean, C. WO 0251373 A1, 2002
Braun, H. J. DE 19643059 A1, 1998
Vicentini, Ferretti, Veronese, Guarneri, Manfrini, Giori, Fray, Bull, Kinns (BIB17) 1995; 41
Eid, Bonner, Lewis (BIB16) 1983; 20
Javet, M.; Dousse, C.; Le, C. D. DE 10109806 A1, 2002.
BIB20
BIB21
Makarov, Y. 14th International Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 8–12 September 1996
VICENTINI, CB (WOS:A1995QM60200013) 1995; 41
Moderhack, D (WOS:A1996UR24800021) 1996
(WOS:000181893800057.1) 2002
EID EE (WOS:000181893800057.10) 1983; 20
(WOS:000181893800057.3) 2002
(WOS:000181893800057.2) 2002
(WOS:000181893800057.6) 1997
VICENTINI, CB (WOS:A1988R317900042) 1988; 29
(WOS:000181893800057.5) 1996
FRAY MJ (WOS:000181893800057.11) 1992; 1
(WOS:000181893800057.7) 1998
(WOS:000181893800057.4) 1998
BRAULIO IO (WOS:000181893800057.8) 1999; 36
DAIDONE G (WOS:000181893800057.9) 1997
FRAY, MJ (WOS:A1995RR90400012) 1995; 38
MAKAROV Y (WOS:000181893800057.13) 1996
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB11
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB10
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB5
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB3
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB4
Fray (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB19) 1992; 1
Vicentini (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB18) 1995; 41
Fray (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB2) 1995; 38
Moderhack (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB6) 1996
Vicentini (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB7) 1998; 29
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB15
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB14
Eid (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB16) 1983; 20
Braulio (10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB8) 1999; 36
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB13
10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB12
References_xml – ident: BIB20
– volume: 29
  start-page: 6171
  year: 1998
  end-page: 6172
  ident: BIB7
  publication-title: Tetrahedron Lett.
  contributor:
    fullname: Giori
– ident: BIB21
– start-page: 777
  year: 1996
  end-page: 779
  ident: BIB6
  publication-title: Liebigs Ann.
  contributor:
    fullname: Moderhack
– volume: 36
  start-page: 635
  year: 1999
  end-page: 638
  ident: BIB8
  publication-title: J. Heterocyclic Chem.
  contributor:
    fullname: Jairo
– volume: 41
  start-page: 497
  year: 1995
  end-page: 506
  ident: BIB17
  publication-title: Heterocycles
  contributor:
    fullname: Kinns
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1501
  year: 1983
  end-page: 1503
  ident: BIB16
  publication-title: J. Heterocyclic Chem.
  contributor:
    fullname: Lewis
– volume: 38
  start-page: 3524
  year: 1995
  ident: WOS:A1995RR90400012
  article-title: NOVEL ANTAGONISTS OF PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR .2. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS OF POTENT AND LONG-ACTING HETEROFUSED [1,5]BENZODIAZEPINE AND [1,4]DIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES OF 2-METHYL-1-PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5-C]PYRIDINE
  publication-title: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
  contributor:
    fullname: FRAY, MJ
– year: 2002
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.3
– year: 2002
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.1
– volume: 36
  start-page: 635
  year: 1999
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.8
  publication-title: J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM
  contributor:
    fullname: BRAULIO IO
– year: 1996
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.5
– year: 1998
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.7
– year: 1996
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.13
  publication-title: 14 INT S MED CHEM MA
  contributor:
    fullname: MAKAROV Y
– year: 1998
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.4
– volume: 29
  start-page: 6171
  year: 1988
  ident: WOS:A1988R317900042
  article-title: A NEW ROUTE TO THE SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZO[4,5-C]PYRAZOLES
  publication-title: TETRAHEDRON LETTERS
  contributor:
    fullname: VICENTINI, CB
– year: 2002
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.2
– year: 1997
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.9
  publication-title: 1 IT SWISS M MED CHE
  contributor:
    fullname: DAIDONE G
– volume: 1
  start-page: 10
  year: 1992
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.11
  publication-title: J CHEM RES SYNOP
  contributor:
    fullname: FRAY MJ
– volume: 41
  start-page: 497
  year: 1995
  ident: WOS:A1995QM60200013
  article-title: SYNTHESIS OF 6-SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZO[4,5-C]PYRAZOLE-5-THIONES
  publication-title: HETEROCYCLES
  contributor:
    fullname: VICENTINI, CB
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1501
  year: 1983
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.10
  publication-title: J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM
  contributor:
    fullname: EID EE
– year: 1997
  ident: WOS:000181893800057.6
– start-page: 777
  year: 1996
  ident: WOS:A1996UR24800021
  article-title: Unexpected pyrazole->1,2,4-triazole ring transformation
  publication-title: LIEBIGS ANNALEN
  contributor:
    fullname: Moderhack, D
– volume: 41
  start-page: 497
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB18
  publication-title: Heterocycles
  doi: 10.3987/COM-94-6967
  contributor:
    fullname: Vicentini
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB5
  doi: 10.1248/bpb.21.87
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB11
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6057-4_7
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB12
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB13
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB10
– volume: 29
  start-page: 6171
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB7
  publication-title: Tetrahedron Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82297-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Vicentini
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB15
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB14
– volume: 38
  start-page: 3524
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB2
  publication-title: J. Med. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/jm00018a012
  contributor:
    fullname: Fray
– start-page: 777
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB6
  publication-title: Liebigs Ann.
  doi: 10.1002/jlac.199619960522
  contributor:
    fullname: Moderhack
– volume: 36
  start-page: 635
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB8
  publication-title: J. Heterocyclic Chem.
  doi: 10.1002/jhet.5570360310
  contributor:
    fullname: Braulio
– volume: 1
  start-page: 10
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB19
  publication-title: J. Chem. Res. Synop.
  contributor:
    fullname: Fray
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB3
– ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB4
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1501
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8_BIB16
  publication-title: J. Heterocyclic Chem.
  doi: 10.1002/jhet.5570200612
  contributor:
    fullname: Eid
SSID ssj0000680
Score 1.8308631
Snippet A simple procedure for the synthesis and further functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles using mild conditions is reported herein. The desired products were...
Source Web of Science
SourceID crossref
webofscience
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 3009
SubjectTerms 4,5-diaminopyrazoles
Chemistry
Chemistry, Organic
nitrosation
Physical Sciences
Science & Technology
urea derivatives
Title A simple method for the preparation and selective functionalization of 4,5-diaminopyrazoles
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00398-8
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord&UT=000181893800057
Volume 44
WOS 000181893800057
WOSCitedRecordID wos000181893800057
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NS8MwFA9DD3oRP3F-jBx2UDBbP9IuOY7imIo7ORh4KM0X7NKOrR704N_uS9q6CYoivZSQpOElfe_3wvu9h1BXRIEywnASaU8QCr4byaTHiMy0HMQxN8JdZT9O4vGU3s-iWQslDRfGhlXWur_S6U5b1y39Wpr9xXxuOb4UHvDZQ0swZZbwS8H8wZnuvfsb2ph5TeSc7b1m8VQzuMYrL7x2kxD2k336xiw5EzTaR3s1dsTDankHqKXzQ7STNCXbjtDzEK_mNt0vrgpDY0CkGBAeXix1leO7yHGWK7xy1W9A0WFr16rrwJqQiQuD6U1ElGV858XidZm92aRPx2g6un1KxqSunkAk_LclCTWA50BKTrkC2BeD6KPIqFhy6Ye-UQo8u0DwWOmBjKEDNxReo8Awpik4KuEJ2sqLXJ8iDJuXARJhQagNzVTAPSGCSColFBcBU23Ua2SWLqokGek6egyEnFohp16YOiGnrI1YI9n0y26noMh_G9rd3InP71mwCuCDh8zC0EEb-X_pltSJ0G0CgPLs_6s6R7suys-RFS_QVrl80ZeAVkrRccexg7aHdw_jyQfT4-SJ
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,4509,24128,27936,27937,45597,45691
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07T8MwED4VGGBBPEV5eugAEoY0cVJ7rCpQeU5UqsRgxS-pS1qVMsDAb-fsJBQkEAhliSzbsT47d99Z9wBoqTQ2TjlBUxspytB2o7mOONW51Z0sE06Fq-y7-6w_YNfDdNiAXh0L490qK9lfyvQgrauW8wrN88lo5GN8GT5osyc-wJTzBVhinh_joT57a38SxzyqXed893kYTzlFaDyOkpMwC-U_Kahv9FLQQZdrsFqRR9It17cODVtswHKvrtm2CY9d8jTy-X5JWRmaICUlSPHIZGrLJN_jguSFIU-h_A1KOuIVW3kfWEVkkrEj7DSlxod8F-PJyzR_9VmftmBwefHQ69OqfALV-OPOaGKRPcdaCyYM8r4MsU9TZzItdDtpO2PQtIuVyIzt6Aw7CMfwNY0d55ahpZJsw2IxLuwOENy9HKkIjxPrWG5iESkVp9oYZYSKuWnCWY2ZnJRZMuTcfQxBlh5kGSUygCx5E3iNrPyy3RIl-W9DW5934uN7nq0i-xAJ9zy004T2X7r1qkzoPgPAbPf_qzqC5f7D3a28vbq_2YOV4PIXIhf3YXE2fbYHSF1m6jAczXdBYeYi
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+simple+method+for+the+preparation+and+selective+functionalization+of+4%2C5-diaminopyrazoles&rft.jtitle=Tetrahedron+letters&rft.au=Blass%2C+BE&rft.au=Srivastava%2C+A&rft.au=Coburn%2C+KR&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+AL&rft.date=2003-03-31&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=0040-4039&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=3009&rft.epage=3011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0040-4039%2803%2900398-8&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=000181893800057
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0040-4039&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0040-4039&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0040-4039&client=summon