Effective population monitoring for determination of the thyroidal radioiodine content of the public following a nuclear accident in Japan
•Internal thyroid exposure to radioiodine (mainly, 131I) is a critical concern after a nuclear accident.•Population monitoring to assess the thyroid dose should be conducted in a timely manner.•We proposed a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible.•The proposed m...
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| Published in | Environmental advances Vol. 8; p. 100206 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.07.2022
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •Internal thyroid exposure to radioiodine (mainly, 131I) is a critical concern after a nuclear accident.•Population monitoring to assess the thyroid dose should be conducted in a timely manner.•We proposed a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible.•The proposed method uses a combination of three different types of direct measurements.
After a nuclear accident, population monitoring is necessary to determine the radiation exposure levels of the affected population. One of the monitoring components is direct thyroid measurements to assess the internal thyroid dose (mainly from 131I with a relatively short physical half-life: 8.02 days). These measurements are particularly important for young children but were not adequately performed after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Herein we propose a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible for the dose reconstructions following a nuclear accident. The method employs three types of measurements: simplified, additional, and detailed measurements. The simplified measurements are performed using conventional NaI(Tl) survey meters to quickly triage heavily exposed individuals. The additional measurements are conducted using mobile whole-body counters to detect cesium (Cs; with longer retention in the body) as a tracer of 131I. And the detailed measurements are taken using spectrometric devices; they provide the most reliable data and are used to confirm the other measurements. We also discussed the target subjects and the monitoring period based on the experiences gained following the FDNPP accident. The early post-nuclear-accident phase is the most important period for the dose reconstruction for the affected populations; however, it is also the most challenging period in terms of allocating the necessary monitoring resources. It is thus vital that all countries that operate nuclear power plants establish and maintain a system for nuclear emergency preparedness and response. |
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| AbstractList | •Internal thyroid exposure to radioiodine (mainly, 131I) is a critical concern after a nuclear accident.•Population monitoring to assess the thyroid dose should be conducted in a timely manner.•We proposed a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible.•The proposed method uses a combination of three different types of direct measurements.
After a nuclear accident, population monitoring is necessary to determine the radiation exposure levels of the affected population. One of the monitoring components is direct thyroid measurements to assess the internal thyroid dose (mainly from 131I with a relatively short physical half-life: 8.02 days). These measurements are particularly important for young children but were not adequately performed after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Herein we propose a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible for the dose reconstructions following a nuclear accident. The method employs three types of measurements: simplified, additional, and detailed measurements. The simplified measurements are performed using conventional NaI(Tl) survey meters to quickly triage heavily exposed individuals. The additional measurements are conducted using mobile whole-body counters to detect cesium (Cs; with longer retention in the body) as a tracer of 131I. And the detailed measurements are taken using spectrometric devices; they provide the most reliable data and are used to confirm the other measurements. We also discussed the target subjects and the monitoring period based on the experiences gained following the FDNPP accident. The early post-nuclear-accident phase is the most important period for the dose reconstruction for the affected populations; however, it is also the most challenging period in terms of allocating the necessary monitoring resources. It is thus vital that all countries that operate nuclear power plants establish and maintain a system for nuclear emergency preparedness and response. After a nuclear accident, population monitoring is necessary to determine the radiation exposure levels of the affected population. One of the monitoring components is direct thyroid measurements to assess the internal thyroid dose (mainly from 131I with a relatively short physical half-life: 8.02 days). These measurements are particularly important for young children but were not adequately performed after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Herein we propose a feasible and robust method to obtain as much reliable human data as possible for the dose reconstructions following a nuclear accident. The method employs three types of measurements: simplified, additional, and detailed measurements. The simplified measurements are performed using conventional NaI(Tl) survey meters to quickly triage heavily exposed individuals. The additional measurements are conducted using mobile whole-body counters to detect cesium (Cs; with longer retention in the body) as a tracer of 131I. And the detailed measurements are taken using spectrometric devices; they provide the most reliable data and are used to confirm the other measurements. We also discussed the target subjects and the monitoring period based on the experiences gained following the FDNPP accident. The early post-nuclear-accident phase is the most important period for the dose reconstruction for the affected populations; however, it is also the most challenging period in terms of allocating the necessary monitoring resources. It is thus vital that all countries that operate nuclear power plants establish and maintain a system for nuclear emergency preparedness and response. |
| ArticleNumber | 100206 |
| Author | Tani, Kotaro Kowatari, Munehiko Ogawa, Masumi Kurihara, Osamu Tatsuzaki, Hideo Yajima, Kazuaki Kim, Eunjoo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Osamu surname: Kurihara fullname: Kurihara, Osamu email: kurihara.osamu@qst.go.jp organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Eunjoo surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Eunjoo organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Kotaro orcidid: 0000-0001-5878-0706 surname: Tani fullname: Tani, Kotaro organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Masumi orcidid: 0000-0003-0861-0762 surname: Ogawa fullname: Ogawa, Masumi organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Kazuaki orcidid: 0000-0002-2365-749X surname: Yajima fullname: Yajima, Kazuaki organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Munehiko surname: Kowatari fullname: Kowatari, Munehiko organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Hideo surname: Tatsuzaki fullname: Tatsuzaki, Hideo organization: National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST−NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s00411-019-00785-2 10.1177/1010539516675703 10.2188/jea.JE20120105 10.1097/HP.0000000000000862 10.1038/s41598-020-60453-0 10.1667/RR3232.1 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006315 10.1097/HP.0000000000001345 10.1097/00004032-199902000-00002 10.1097/HP.0b013e318287bf0e 10.1097/00004032-199402000-00002 10.1097/HP.0000000000001249 10.1097/HP.0000000000000954 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.07.004 10.1093/rpd/ncy175 10.1097/HP.0000000000001125 10.1007/s00411-019-00784-3 10.1093/jrr/rrz089 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106272 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60384-5 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.02.008 10.1038/srep00507 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.08.008 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.013 10.1007/s00411-021-00896-9 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033278 10.1093/jrr/rry002 10.1093/rpd/nch410 10.14407/jrpr.2020.45.1.2 |
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| Keywords | Radiation exposure Population monitoring in vivo measurement Internal thyroid dose Nuclear accident |
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| Snippet | •Internal thyroid exposure to radioiodine (mainly, 131I) is a critical concern after a nuclear accident.•Population monitoring to assess the thyroid dose... After a nuclear accident, population monitoring is necessary to determine the radiation exposure levels of the affected population. One of the monitoring... |
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| SubjectTerms | in vivo measurement Internal thyroid dose Nuclear accident Population monitoring Radiation exposure |
| Title | Effective population monitoring for determination of the thyroidal radioiodine content of the public following a nuclear accident in Japan |
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