3D printed β-tricalcium phosphate versus synthetic bone mineral scaffolds: A comparative in vitro study of biocompatibility
BACKGROUND: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbo...
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| Published in | Bio-medical materials and engineering Vol. 35; no. 4; pp. 365 - 375 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London, England
SAGE Publications
01.01.2024
Sage Publications Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0959-2989 1878-3619 1878-3619 |
| DOI | 10.3233/BME-230214 |
Cover
| Abstract | BACKGROUND:
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis.
METHODS:
SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells.
RESULTS:
SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress.
CONCLUSION:
Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BACKGROUND: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis. METHODS: SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells. RESULTS: SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored.BACKGROUNDβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored.To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis.SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells.METHODSSBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells.SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress.RESULTSSBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress.Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.CONCLUSIONResults demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored. To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis. SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells. SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress. Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. BACKGROUND: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis. METHODS: SBM and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells. RESULTS: SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. |
| Author | Slavin, Blaire V. Tovar, Nick Coelho, Paulo G. Mirsky, Nicholas A. Smay, James E. Stauber, Zachary M. Mijares, Dindo Q. Witek, Lukasz Cronstein, Bruce N. Nayak, Vasudev Vivekanand Rivera, Cristobal F. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Blaire V. surname: Slavin fullname: Slavin, Blaire V. organization: , – sequence: 2 givenname: Nicholas A. surname: Mirsky fullname: Mirsky, Nicholas A. organization: , – sequence: 3 givenname: Zachary M. surname: Stauber fullname: Stauber, Zachary M. organization: , – sequence: 4 givenname: Vasudev Vivekanand surname: Nayak fullname: Nayak, Vasudev Vivekanand organization: , – sequence: 5 givenname: James E. surname: Smay fullname: Smay, James E. organization: , – sequence: 6 givenname: Cristobal F. surname: Rivera fullname: Rivera, Cristobal F. organization: , – sequence: 7 givenname: Dindo Q. surname: Mijares fullname: Mijares, Dindo Q. organization: , – sequence: 8 givenname: Paulo G. surname: Coelho fullname: Coelho, Paulo G. organization: , – sequence: 9 givenname: Bruce N. surname: Cronstein fullname: Cronstein, Bruce N. organization: , – sequence: 10 givenname: Nick surname: Tovar fullname: Tovar, Nick organization: , – sequence: 11 givenname: Lukasz surname: Witek fullname: Witek, Lukasz email: lukasz.witek@nyu.edu organization: , |
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β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however,... BACKGROUND: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however,... β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biocompatibility Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology Biomedical materials Bone growth Bone healing Bone Substitutes - chemistry Bone Substitutes - pharmacology Calcium phosphates Calcium Phosphates - chemistry Calcium Phosphates - pharmacology Cell proliferation Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cell Survival - drug effects Cell viability Cells, Cultured Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity testing Defects Extrudability Growth factors Healing Humans Hydroxyapatite In vitro methods and tests Low temperature Materials Testing Printing, Three-Dimensional Qualitative analysis Scaffolds Sintering Three dimensional printing Tissue engineering Tissue Engineering - methods Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry Toxicity testing Tricalcium phosphate |
| Title | 3D printed β-tricalcium phosphate versus synthetic bone mineral scaffolds: A comparative in vitro study of biocompatibility |
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