How effective have been guerrilla occupation and protected areas in avoiding deforestation in Colombia?

Impact assessment and monitoring of conservation strategies are required to guarantee successful conservation outcomes. The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a worldwide conservation strategies, but some PAs are not effective in avoiding deforestation. On the other hand, armed conflicts have...

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Published inBiological conservation Vol. 253; p. 108916
Main Authors Liévano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda, Brum, Fernanda T., Loyola, Rafael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2021
Subjects
Armed conflict
Conservation policy
Counterfactual thinking
Impact evaluation
Matching
Policy design
Matching
Armed conflict
Policy design
Counterfactual thinking
Conservation policy
Impact evaluation
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Abstract Impact assessment and monitoring of conservation strategies are required to guarantee successful conservation outcomes. The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a worldwide conservation strategies, but some PAs are not effective in avoiding deforestation. On the other hand, armed conflicts have ambiguous effects on wildlife. Colombia is a megadiverse country that not only has a huge network of PAs but also shows a high deforestation rate and a 50-years-old armed conflict. Here, we assessed the impact of the Colombian PAs and the FARC-EP guerrilla (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) occupation areas in avoiding deforestation in the country. For that, we compared the forest cover of PAs and FARC areas with environmentally similar control areas to assess forest loss from 2000 to 2017. We found that only large Colombian PAs were effective in avoiding deforestation over the last 17 years and that FARC presence increased deforestation in the country. Our results showed that the establishment of PA alone is not enough to ensure a positive conservation outcome. Our study offered a broad-scale analysis of Colombian PA impacts in avoiding deforestation as well as FARC's role in forest loss. Colombia has several challenges to reduce its deforestation rate and to enhance the impact of PA in avoiding deforestation. Those challenges include the solution of the land tenure conflict, improvement of current legislation, strengthening governance, and conflict resolution. Further, Colombia needs to deal with obstacles derived from armed conflict itself, particularly in the historic FARC areas, where fundamental conservation efforts are mostly needed.
AbstractList Impact assessment and monitoring of conservation strategies are required to guarantee successful conservation outcomes. The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a worldwide conservation strategies, but some PAs are not effective in avoiding deforestation. On the other hand, armed conflicts have ambiguous effects on wildlife. Colombia is a megadiverse country that not only has a huge network of PAs but also shows a high deforestation rate and a 50-years-old armed conflict. Here, we assessed the impact of the Colombian PAs and the FARC-EP guerrilla (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) occupation areas in avoiding deforestation in the country. For that, we compared the forest cover of PAs and FARC areas with environmentally similar control areas to assess forest loss from 2000 to 2017. We found that only large Colombian PAs were effective in avoiding deforestation over the last 17 years and that FARC presence increased deforestation in the country. Our results showed that the establishment of PA alone is not enough to ensure a positive conservation outcome. Our study offered a broad-scale analysis of Colombian PA impacts in avoiding deforestation as well as FARC's role in forest loss. Colombia has several challenges to reduce its deforestation rate and to enhance the impact of PA in avoiding deforestation. Those challenges include the solution of the land tenure conflict, improvement of current legislation, strengthening governance, and conflict resolution. Further, Colombia needs to deal with obstacles derived from armed conflict itself, particularly in the historic FARC areas, where fundamental conservation efforts are mostly needed.
ArticleNumber 108916
Author Liévano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda
Brum, Fernanda T.
Loyola, Rafael
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Luisa Fernanda
  surname: Liévano-Latorre
  fullname: Liévano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda
  email: luisafer.lievano@gmail.com
  organization: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Fernanda T.
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  fullname: Brum, Fernanda T.
  organization: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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  givenname: Rafael
  surname: Loyola
  fullname: Loyola, Rafael
  organization: Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Armed conflict
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Snippet Impact assessment and monitoring of conservation strategies are required to guarantee successful conservation outcomes. The establishment of protected areas...
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StartPage 108916
SubjectTerms Armed conflict
Conservation policy
Counterfactual thinking
Impact evaluation
Matching
Policy design
Title How effective have been guerrilla occupation and protected areas in avoiding deforestation in Colombia?
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108916
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