The mediating role of personality traits in the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in young adulthood
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20–25-year-olds) in a German population-base...
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| Published in | Journal of affective disorders Vol. 338; pp. 373 - 379 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.10.2023
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| Abstract | The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20–25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample.
A total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms.
Overall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits.
We only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model.
Young adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies.
•There is a direct effect between trauma and later depressiveness for young adults.•Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediate this association.•Big 5 personality traits and trauma could explain 45 % of the PHQ-9-variance. |
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| AbstractList | The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20-25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample.
A total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms.
Overall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits.
We only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model.
Young adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20–25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample. A total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms. Overall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits. We only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model. Young adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies. •There is a direct effect between trauma and later depressiveness for young adults.•Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediate this association.•Big 5 personality traits and trauma could explain 45 % of the PHQ-9-variance. BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20-25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample.METHODSA total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms.RESULTSOverall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits.LIMITATIONSWe only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model.CONCLUSIONYoung adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies. |
| Author | Koch-Gallenkamp, Lena Leitzmann, Michael Obi, Nadia Völzke, Henry Berger, Klaus Fricke, Julia Koschig, Maria Conrad, Ines Keil, Thomas Gerstorf, Denis Meinke-Franze, Claudia Riedel-Heller, Steffi G. Grabe, Hans J. Pabst, Alexander Mikolajczyk, Rafael Baune, Bernhard T. Perna, Laura |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Maria surname: Koschig fullname: Koschig, Maria email: maria.koschig@medizin.uni-leipzig.de organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Ines surname: Conrad fullname: Conrad, Ines organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Klaus surname: Berger fullname: Berger, Klaus organization: Institute of Epidemiology & Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Bernhard T. surname: Baune fullname: Baune, Bernhard T. organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Hans J. surname: Grabe fullname: Grabe, Hans J. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Denis surname: Gerstorf fullname: Gerstorf, Denis organization: Humboldt University Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Claudia surname: Meinke-Franze fullname: Meinke-Franze, Claudia organization: Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – sequence: 8 givenname: Henry surname: Völzke fullname: Völzke, Henry organization: Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Rafael surname: Mikolajczyk fullname: Mikolajczyk, Rafael organization: Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Wittenberg, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Michael surname: Leitzmann fullname: Leitzmann, Michael organization: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Germany – sequence: 11 givenname: Julia surname: Fricke fullname: Fricke, Julia organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 12 givenname: Thomas surname: Keil fullname: Keil, Thomas organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany – sequence: 13 givenname: Lena surname: Koch-Gallenkamp fullname: Koch-Gallenkamp, Lena organization: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany – sequence: 14 givenname: Laura surname: Perna fullname: Perna, Laura organization: Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany – sequence: 15 givenname: Nadia surname: Obi fullname: Obi, Nadia organization: Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 16 givenname: Alexander surname: Pabst fullname: Pabst, Alexander organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany – sequence: 17 givenname: Steffi G. surname: Riedel-Heller fullname: Riedel-Heller, Steffi G. organization: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany |
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| Keywords | CTQ FIML CTS Structural equation modelling CFI BFI-S Depression WLSMV PHQ-9 MDD Risk factors TLI NESDA NAKO RMSEA Adolescent SEM Adverse childhood experiences BIC Germany CFA |
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| Title | The mediating role of personality traits in the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in young adulthood |
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