Movement control of the cervical spine declines with aging: a cross-sectional study

Previous studies suggest that cervical spine position sense declines with age, while the relationship between aging and cervical spine movement control remains unknown. To investigate the relationship between age and cervical spine movement control in asymptomatic adults. One hundred five asymptomat...

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Published inPhysiotherapy theory and practice Vol. 41; no. 8; pp. 1612 - 1619
Main Authors Luznik, Izabela, Pajek, Maja, Majcen Rosker, Ziva
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England 03.08.2025
Subjects
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aging - physiology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cervical Vertebrae - physiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Movement
Young Adult
aging
cervical spine
proprioception
Movement control
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Abstract Previous studies suggest that cervical spine position sense declines with age, while the relationship between aging and cervical spine movement control remains unknown. To investigate the relationship between age and cervical spine movement control in asymptomatic adults. One hundred five asymptomatic adults (21-79 years old) were included. The Butterfly test (performed with an inertial measurement unit) was used to assess movement control of the cervical spine, in which participants tracked an unpredictable moving target with active head and neck movements at three different movement path difficulty levels (3 repetitions each). The determined parameters were amplitude accuracy (AA), time on target (ToT), undershoot (U) and overshoot (O). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between age and each parameter. A significant relationship was demonstrated between advancing age and the AA, ToT and U parameters for all three movement path difficulty levels (  ≤ .001), but not for the O parameter (  > .05). Advancing age explained 19.8-30.4%, 24.5-30.8% and 33.7-37.2% of the variance in the AA, ToT, and U parameters, respectively. The results suggest that cervical spine movement control declines with aging in an asymptomatic population. Clinicians may need to monitor potential deficits in cervicocephalic kinesthesia in older asymptomatic adults, as these impairments may have a considerable impact on their functional abilities.
AbstractList Previous studies suggest that cervical spine position sense declines with age, while the relationship between aging and cervical spine movement control remains unknown. To investigate the relationship between age and cervical spine movement control in asymptomatic adults. One hundred five asymptomatic adults (21-79 years old) were included. The Butterfly test (performed with an inertial measurement unit) was used to assess movement control of the cervical spine, in which participants tracked an unpredictable moving target with active head and neck movements at three different movement path difficulty levels (3 repetitions each). The determined parameters were amplitude accuracy (AA), time on target (ToT), undershoot (U) and overshoot (O). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between age and each parameter. A significant relationship was demonstrated between advancing age and the AA, ToT and U parameters for all three movement path difficulty levels (  ≤ .001), but not for the O parameter (  > .05). Advancing age explained 19.8-30.4%, 24.5-30.8% and 33.7-37.2% of the variance in the AA, ToT, and U parameters, respectively. The results suggest that cervical spine movement control declines with aging in an asymptomatic population. Clinicians may need to monitor potential deficits in cervicocephalic kinesthesia in older asymptomatic adults, as these impairments may have a considerable impact on their functional abilities.
Previous studies suggest that cervical spine position sense declines with age, while the relationship between aging and cervical spine movement control remains unknown.BACKGROUNDPrevious studies suggest that cervical spine position sense declines with age, while the relationship between aging and cervical spine movement control remains unknown.To investigate the relationship between age and cervical spine movement control in asymptomatic adults.OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between age and cervical spine movement control in asymptomatic adults.One hundred five asymptomatic adults (21-79 years old) were included. The Butterfly test (performed with an inertial measurement unit) was used to assess movement control of the cervical spine, in which participants tracked an unpredictable moving target with active head and neck movements at three different movement path difficulty levels (3 repetitions each). The determined parameters were amplitude accuracy (AA), time on target (ToT), undershoot (U) and overshoot (O). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between age and each parameter.METHODSOne hundred five asymptomatic adults (21-79 years old) were included. The Butterfly test (performed with an inertial measurement unit) was used to assess movement control of the cervical spine, in which participants tracked an unpredictable moving target with active head and neck movements at three different movement path difficulty levels (3 repetitions each). The determined parameters were amplitude accuracy (AA), time on target (ToT), undershoot (U) and overshoot (O). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between age and each parameter.A significant relationship was demonstrated between advancing age and the AA, ToT and U parameters for all three movement path difficulty levels (p ≤ .001), but not for the O parameter (p > .05). Advancing age explained 19.8-30.4%, 24.5-30.8% and 33.7-37.2% of the variance in the AA, ToT, and U parameters, respectively.RESULTSA significant relationship was demonstrated between advancing age and the AA, ToT and U parameters for all three movement path difficulty levels (p ≤ .001), but not for the O parameter (p > .05). Advancing age explained 19.8-30.4%, 24.5-30.8% and 33.7-37.2% of the variance in the AA, ToT, and U parameters, respectively.The results suggest that cervical spine movement control declines with aging in an asymptomatic population. Clinicians may need to monitor potential deficits in cervicocephalic kinesthesia in older asymptomatic adults, as these impairments may have a considerable impact on their functional abilities.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that cervical spine movement control declines with aging in an asymptomatic population. Clinicians may need to monitor potential deficits in cervicocephalic kinesthesia in older asymptomatic adults, as these impairments may have a considerable impact on their functional abilities.
Author Pajek, Maja
Majcen Rosker, Ziva
Luznik, Izabela
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SubjectTerms Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aging - physiology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cervical Vertebrae - physiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Movement
Young Adult
Title Movement control of the cervical spine declines with aging: a cross-sectional study
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