Urban heat island mitigation in Singapore: Evaluation using WRF/multilayer urban canopy model and local climate zones
Mitigation and adaption measures must be designed strategically by urban planners, designers, and decision-makers to reduce urban heat island (UHI) related risks. We employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to assess UHI mitigation scenarios for the tropical city of Singapore during...
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| Published in | Urban climate Vol. 34; p. 100714 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.12.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2212-0955 2212-0955 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100714 |
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| Abstract | Mitigation and adaption measures must be designed strategically by urban planners, designers, and decision-makers to reduce urban heat island (UHI) related risks. We employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to assess UHI mitigation scenarios for the tropical city of Singapore during April 2016, including two heat wave periods. The local climate zones for Singapore were used as the land use/land cover data to account for the intra-urban variability. The simulations show that the canopy layer UHI intensity in Singapore can reach up to 5 °C in compact areas during nighttime. The results reveal that city-scale deployment of cool roofs can provide an overall reduction of 1.3 °C in the near-surface daytime air temperature in large low-rise areas. Increasing the thermostat set temperature to 25 °C from 21 °C in city-wide buildings can potentially reduce the air temperature due to less (~20%) waste heat discharge from air-conditioning units. A densification scenario considering an increase from approximately 7 841 people/km2 (2016) to 9040-9,600 people/km2 (2030) under the current climate leads to air temperature increase of 1.4 °C, which demonstrates the importance of limiting the densification of less compact areas in maintaining thermal comfort in the future.
•UHI mitigation measures are evaluated using WRF and Local Climate Zone in Singapore.•Cool Roofs can reduce air temperature by 1.3 °C and thermal stress by 2–2.5 °C.•Higher thermostat temperature lowers AC emission by 20% and temperature by ~3 °C.•Air temperature would be ~1.4 °C higher by 2030, if Singapore is densified. |
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| AbstractList | Mitigation and adaption measures must be designed strategically by urban planners, designers, and decision-makers to reduce urban heat island (UHI) related risks. We employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to assess UHI mitigation scenarios for the tropical city of Singapore during April 2016, including two heat wave periods. The local climate zones for Singapore were used as the land use/land cover data to account for the intra-urban variability. The simulations show that the canopy layer UHI intensity in Singapore can reach up to 5 °C in compact areas during nighttime. The results reveal that city-scale deployment of cool roofs can provide an overall reduction of 1.3 °C in the near-surface daytime air temperature in large low-rise areas. Increasing the thermostat set temperature to 25 °C from 21 °C in city-wide buildings can potentially reduce the air temperature due to less (~20%) waste heat discharge from air-conditioning units. A densification scenario considering an increase from approximately 7 841 people/km2 (2016) to 9040-9,600 people/km2 (2030) under the current climate leads to air temperature increase of 1.4 °C, which demonstrates the importance of limiting the densification of less compact areas in maintaining thermal comfort in the future.
•UHI mitigation measures are evaluated using WRF and Local Climate Zone in Singapore.•Cool Roofs can reduce air temperature by 1.3 °C and thermal stress by 2–2.5 °C.•Higher thermostat temperature lowers AC emission by 20% and temperature by ~3 °C.•Air temperature would be ~1.4 °C higher by 2030, if Singapore is densified. |
| ArticleNumber | 100714 |
| Author | Norford, Leslie K. Mughal, M.O. Li, Xian-Xiang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M.O. surname: Mughal fullname: Mughal, M.O. organization: CENSAM, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Xian-Xiang surname: Li fullname: Li, Xian-Xiang email: lixx98@mail.sysu.edu.cn organization: School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Leslie K. surname: Norford fullname: Norford, Leslie K. organization: Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA |
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| SubjectTerms | Air-conditioning City scale cool roof deployment Tropical Urban densification |
| Title | Urban heat island mitigation in Singapore: Evaluation using WRF/multilayer urban canopy model and local climate zones |
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