A new statistical dynamic analysis on vegetation patterns in land ecosystems
As complex self-adaptive systems, land ecosystems usually tend to produce intricate vegetation patterns under specific environmental constraints, which have ever puzzled us for decades. In this paper, a universal principle on pattern formation of land ecosystems is highlighted as: a land ecosystem a...
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| Published in | Physica A Vol. 387; no. 14; pp. 3583 - 3593 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.06.2008
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | As complex self-adaptive systems, land ecosystems usually tend to produce intricate vegetation patterns under specific environmental constraints, which have ever puzzled us for decades. In this paper, a universal principle on pattern formation of land ecosystems is highlighted as: a land ecosystem always tries to find an optimal process to acquire maximized flux under a certain constraint or price. The underlying microscopic dynamic mechanism that induces complex vegetation patterns in land ecosystems is then revealed. Based on the Holdridge life zone system, evolutionary dynamic processes and structural classifications of several typical vegetation patterns are then simulated and discussed. Good agreements between theoretical analyses and numerical results are found. This paper demonstrates that the new theoretical analyses and simulation technique can be possibly applied to the whole land ecosystem, not only benefiting academic study on the formation and dynamics of vegetation patterns, but also providing implications for vegetation classification, vegetation protection and soil erosion control. |
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| AbstractList | As complex self-adaptive systems, land ecosystems usually tend to produce intricate vegetation patterns under specific environmental constraints, which have ever puzzled us for decades. In this paper, a universal principle on pattern formation of land ecosystems is highlighted as: a land ecosystem always tries to find an optimal process to acquire maximized flux under a certain constraint or price. The underlying microscopic dynamic mechanism that induces complex vegetation patterns in land ecosystems is then revealed. Based on the Holdridge life zone system, evolutionary dynamic processes and structural classifications of several typical vegetation patterns are then simulated and discussed. Good agreements between theoretical analyses and numerical results are found. This paper demonstrates that the new theoretical analyses and simulation technique can be possibly applied to the whole land ecosystem, not only benefiting academic study on the formation and dynamics of vegetation patterns, but also providing implications for vegetation classification, vegetation protection and soil erosion control. |
| Author | Feng, Qing Yi Chai, Li He |
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| References | Odum, Pinkerton (b16) 1955; 43 Haken (b24) 2000 Rietkerk, Dekker, de Ruiter (b1) 2004; 305 Salthe (b23) 1993 Martyushev, Seleznev (b17) 2006; 426 Kropp (b25) 1998; 18 Crawly (b4) 1997 Currie (b6) 1991; 137 May (b5) 1986; 67 Loreau (b15) 1995; 145 Whittaker (b2) 1975 Krause, Frank, Mason (b19) 2003; 426 Watt (b26) 1973 Levin (b7) 1999 Ovaskainen, Cornell (b10) 2006; 103 Lotka (b14) 1992; 8 Sherratt, Lord (b8) 2007; 71 Gilad, von Hardenberg, Provenzale (b29) 2004; 93 Chen, Chai (b22) 2006; 370 Svirezhev (b9) 1999; 124 Chai, Shoji (b20) 2002; 124 Schneider, Kay (b12) 1994; 19 Chai, Wen (b21) 2004; 20 Ricklefs (b27) 1976 Rosenzweig (b3) 1995 Lotka (b13) 1992; 8 Odum (b11) 1988; 242 Dewar (b18) 2005; 38 Chen (b28) 1997; 1 Whittaker (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b2) 1975 Currie (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b6) 1991; 137 Martyushev (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b17) 2006; 426 Dewar (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b18) 2005; 38 Chai (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b20) 2002; 124 Rosenzweig (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b3) 1995 Odum (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b16) 1955; 43 Gilad (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b29) 2004; 93 Levin (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b7) 1999 Kropp (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b25) 1998; 18 Watt (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b26) 1973 Sherratt (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b8) 2007; 71 Crawly (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b4) 1997 May (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b5) 1986; 67 Lotka (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b13) 1992; 8 Haken (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b24) 2000 Odum (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b11) 1988; 242 Salthe (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b23) 1993 Lotka (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b14) 1992; 8 Krause (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b19) 2003; 426 Chen (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b22) 2006; 370 Rietkerk (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b1) 2004; 305 Chai (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b21) 2004; 20 Svirezhev (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b9) 1999; 124 Loreau (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b15) 1995; 145 Schneider (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b12) 1994; 19 Ricklefs (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b27) 1976 Chen (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b28) 1997; 1 Ovaskainen (10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b10) 2006; 103 |
| References_xml | – volume: 43 start-page: 331 year: 1955 end-page: 343 ident: b16 article-title: Time’s speed regulator: the optimum efficiency for maximum power output in physical and biological systems publication-title: American Scientist contributor: fullname: Pinkerton – volume: 38 start-page: L371 year: 2005 end-page: L381 ident: b18 article-title: Maximum entropy production and the fluctuation theorem publication-title: Journal of Physics A-Mathematical and General contributor: fullname: Dewar – volume: 124 start-page: 131 year: 1999 end-page: 144 ident: b9 article-title: Simplest dynamic models of the global vegetation pattern publication-title: Ecological Modeling contributor: fullname: Svirezhev – volume: 20 start-page: 440 year: 2004 end-page: 445 ident: b21 article-title: Hierarchical self-organization of complex systems publication-title: Chemical Research in Chinese Universities contributor: fullname: Wen – volume: 305 start-page: 1926 year: 2004 end-page: 1929 ident: 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energetics of evolution publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.8.6.147 contributor: fullname: Lotka – volume: 145 start-page: 22 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b15 article-title: Consumers as maximizers of matter and energy flow in ecosystems publication-title: The American Naturalist doi: 10.1086/285726 contributor: fullname: Loreau – volume: 67 start-page: 1115 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b5 article-title: The search for patterns in the balance of nature: advances and retreats publication-title: Ecology doi: 10.2307/1938668 contributor: fullname: May – volume: 426 start-page: 282 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b19 article-title: Compartments revealed in food-web structure publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature02115 contributor: fullname: Krause – year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b7 contributor: fullname: Levin – volume: 426 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b17 article-title: Maximum entropy production principle in physics, chemistry and biology publication-title: Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics Letters contributor: fullname: Martyushev – volume: 103 start-page: 12781 issue: 34 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b10 article-title: Space and stochasticity in population dynamics publication-title: Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.0603994103 contributor: fullname: Ovaskainen – volume: 93 start-page: 098105 issue: 9 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b29 article-title: Ecosystem engineers: From pattern formation to habitat creation publication-title: Physical Review Letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.098105 contributor: fullname: Gilad – volume: 71 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b8 article-title: Nonlinear dynamics and pattern bifurcations in a model for vegetation stripes in semi-arid environments publication-title: Theoretical Population Biology doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2006.07.009 contributor: fullname: Sherratt – volume: 305 start-page: 1926 issue: 5692 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b1 article-title: Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1101867 contributor: fullname: Rietkerk – volume: 18 start-page: 83 issue: 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b25 article-title: A neural network approach to the analysis of city systems publication-title: Applied Geography doi: 10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00048-9 contributor: fullname: Kropp – volume: 8 start-page: 151 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.118_b14 article-title: Natural selection as a physical principle publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.8.6.151 contributor: fullname: Lotka – volume: 370 start-page: 793 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