Tungsten disulfide (WS2) doped polyacrylamide (PAAm) composites: Gelation and optical studies
The organic Acrylamide (AAm) copolymerization in various contents of inorganic WS2 has been reported. The aim was to investigate the effect of the WS2 amount on the obtained morphology and the gelation process of the AAm composites. It was found that during gelation process the photon intensity of t...
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Published in | Optik (Stuttgart) Vol. 245; p. 167673 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Abstract | The organic Acrylamide (AAm) copolymerization in various contents of inorganic WS2 has been reported. The aim was to investigate the effect of the WS2 amount on the obtained morphology and the gelation process of the AAm composites. It was found that during gelation process the photon intensity of transmission decreased significantly above some critical time, called the gel point, tg. The decrease in the photon intensity of transmission was related to the increase in the intensity of scattered light from the gel attributable to the production of microgel that occurs while copolymerization held in AAm with Bis-Acrylamide (BIS). Gel points were found to be increased by increasing WS2 content. Time-dependent scattering of composites manifests the growth mechanism, the greater microgel particles, as in agreement with Rayleigh’s equation of scattering. It is determined that concentration of microgels is inversely proportional to the WS2 content. The composite rate constants of gelation, kr were produced and observed that it is proportional to WS2 content. It is understood that inclusion of WS2 in AAm system during gelation delays the process at early times but then contributes to increase the gelation process by increasing the rate of polymerization. Besides less compact PAAm gels are produced in the presence of WS2 atoms. It is also shown that the microgel growth mechanism and gel point of PAAm composite incorporated with WS2 can be significantly tailored by the amount of WS2. Tunable growth mechanism and critical gelation point is crucial for flexible electronic applications.
•Composite of organic PAAm and inorganic WS2 were prepared using FCC.•The optical properties of WS2-PAAm composites were characterized.•Increasing WS2 content causes the decrease in the compactness of the composites’s macrogel structure.•As WS2 increases, much time is required to form composite hydrogels.•The composite rate constant of gelation, kr, is found to be proportional to WS2 content. |
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AbstractList | The organic Acrylamide (AAm) copolymerization in various contents of inorganic WS2 has been reported. The aim was to investigate the effect of the WS2 amount on the obtained morphology and the gelation process of the AAm composites. It was found that during gelation process the photon intensity of transmission decreased significantly above some critical time, called the gel point, tg. The decrease in the photon intensity of transmission was related to the increase in the intensity of scattered light from the gel attributable to the production of microgel that occurs while copolymerization held in AAm with Bis-Acrylamide (BIS). Gel points were found to be increased by increasing WS2 content. Time-dependent scattering of composites manifests the growth mechanism, the greater microgel particles, as in agreement with Rayleigh’s equation of scattering. It is determined that concentration of microgels is inversely proportional to the WS2 content. The composite rate constants of gelation, kr were produced and observed that it is proportional to WS2 content. It is understood that inclusion of WS2 in AAm system during gelation delays the process at early times but then contributes to increase the gelation process by increasing the rate of polymerization. Besides less compact PAAm gels are produced in the presence of WS2 atoms. It is also shown that the microgel growth mechanism and gel point of PAAm composite incorporated with WS2 can be significantly tailored by the amount of WS2. Tunable growth mechanism and critical gelation point is crucial for flexible electronic applications.
•Composite of organic PAAm and inorganic WS2 were prepared using FCC.•The optical properties of WS2-PAAm composites were characterized.•Increasing WS2 content causes the decrease in the compactness of the composites’s macrogel structure.•As WS2 increases, much time is required to form composite hydrogels.•The composite rate constant of gelation, kr, is found to be proportional to WS2 content. |
ArticleNumber | 167673 |
Author | Kıvrak, Sena Kara, İrem Nayır, Şeyma Pekcan, Önder Uysal, Bengü Özuğur |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Şeyma surname: Nayır fullname: Nayır, Şeyma organization: Kadir Has University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey – sequence: 2 givenname: Sena surname: Kıvrak fullname: Kıvrak, Sena organization: Kadir Has University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey – sequence: 3 givenname: İrem surname: Kara fullname: Kara, İrem organization: Kadir Has University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey – sequence: 4 givenname: Bengü Özuğur surname: Uysal fullname: Uysal, Bengü Özuğur email: bozugur@khas.edu.tr organization: Kadir Has University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey – sequence: 5 givenname: Önder surname: Pekcan fullname: Pekcan, Önder email: pekcan@khas.edu.tr organization: Kadir Has University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, Turkey |
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Cites_doi | 10.1103/PhysRevA.101.023806 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.158664 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.040 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.09.011 10.1006/rwei.1999.0541 10.1016/j.wear.2018.07.024 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.09.004 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149557 10.1007/3-540-11471-8_4 10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164581 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00416-4 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145503 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111181 10.1002/mbo3.334 10.1016/j.aml.2018.12.023 10.1021/ja01856a061 10.3390/ma3063654 10.1364/OE.392441 10.1002/bab.1889 10.1515/revce-2014-0056 10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.092 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129077 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.04.034 10.1177/0021998320944210 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960516)60:7<971::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-J 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125451 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00187-2 10.1063/1.1723803 10.1163/092764410X495243 10.1039/C7NR04199C 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.019 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.008 10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108736 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140556 |
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