Development of low-cost titanium alloys: A chronicle of challenges and opportunities
The production of titanium alloys became fully commercialized in the 1950s and that was precisely 145 years since titanium ores, ilmenite and rutile were first discovered. In the 2000s, up to 100 titanium alloys of different grades were already designed, but only 20% of these alloys are in use on a...
Saved in:
| Published in | Materials today : proceedings Vol. 38; pp. 564 - 569 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
2021
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The production of titanium alloys became fully commercialized in the 1950s and that was precisely 145 years since titanium ores, ilmenite and rutile were first discovered. In the 2000s, up to 100 titanium alloys of different grades were already designed, but only 20% of these alloys are in use on a commercial scale. Despite this, there is growing interest in the design of new titanium alloys owing to the global demand for stronger, lighter and less-expensive alloys for engineering applications. This paper presents an overview of the different design strategies that were adopted in producing low-cost titanium alloys since the alloys already met two important demands, strength and lightweight. Some of the challenges and opportunities that are associated with these strategies are mentioned. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The production of titanium alloys became fully commercialized in the 1950s and that was precisely 145 years since titanium ores, ilmenite and rutile were first discovered. In the 2000s, up to 100 titanium alloys of different grades were already designed, but only 20% of these alloys are in use on a commercial scale. Despite this, there is growing interest in the design of new titanium alloys owing to the global demand for stronger, lighter and less-expensive alloys for engineering applications. This paper presents an overview of the different design strategies that were adopted in producing low-cost titanium alloys since the alloys already met two important demands, strength and lightweight. Some of the challenges and opportunities that are associated with these strategies are mentioned. |
| Author | Chown, Lesley H. Bodunrin, Michael O. Omotoyinbo, Joseph A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael O. surname: Bodunrin fullname: Bodunrin, Michael O. email: Michael.Bodunrin@wits.ac.za organization: School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and African Materials Science and Engineering Network (AMSEN): All at the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Lesley H. surname: Chown fullname: Chown, Lesley H. organization: School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and African Materials Science and Engineering Network (AMSEN): All at the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: Joseph A. surname: Omotoyinbo fullname: Omotoyinbo, Joseph A. organization: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria |
| BookMark | eNqFkMtOwzAQRS1UJErpF7DxDyT4kaQuEouqPKVKbMracpwJdeXYke0W9e9JKQvEAlZzpZkzmjmXaOS8A4SuKckpodXNNu9U6kPOCCM5Yfl8Js7QmDFaZDNR8tGPfIGmMW4JIbSsiKDVGK3vYQ_W9x24hH2Lrf_ItI8JJ5OUM7sOK2v9Id7iBdab4J3RFo6DejM0wL1DxMo12Pe9D2nnTDIQr9B5q2yE6XedoLfHh_XyOVu9Pr0sF6tMc8JTxjmtqChUC7RmXJSaMigbIJTzStdiCKLVQKEpgM5VWbVEKEKLYlbWTNVM8Aman_bq4GMM0Eo9XJ2MdykoYyUl8mhIbuWXIXk0JAmTg6GB5b_YPphOhcM_1N2JguGtvYEgozbgNDQmgE6y8eZP_hMyAIQ7 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1051_mfreview_2021001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2020_140085 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11665_022_07128_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_met12122018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2021_161634 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matchar_2024_114531 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma15093150 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_169139 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16145109 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optlastec_2025_112682 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14112928 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2022_04_049 crossref_primary_10_1061_JCCOF2_CCENG_4665 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma13184193 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2021_141882 crossref_primary_10_3390_met10121626 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2024_177195 crossref_primary_10_1134_S1027451024701453 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2021_e07408 crossref_primary_10_1557_s43578_022_00677_0 crossref_primary_10_1051_mfreview_2020029 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16196355 crossref_primary_10_3390_powders2010002 crossref_primary_10_3390_met13071208 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma15062057 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16072639 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2024_176388 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_corsci_2024_111997 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemrev_2c00799 crossref_primary_10_1080_26889277_2021_1997341 crossref_primary_10_15407_mfint_46_12_1225 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2023_146004 |
| Cites_doi | 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.520.49 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.064 10.1007/s10853-010-4667-1 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01982-7 10.1038/35030069 10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.017 10.1007/s11837-998-0413-4 10.3390/met9060654 10.1016/S0026-0657(09)70040-2 10.1520/JAI12781 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.010 10.1007/s11665-012-0386-x 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.092 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.048 10.1016/j.msec.2005.04.004 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.005 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.06.005 10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.019 10.1007/BF03259441 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.02.011 10.1080/09506608.2017.1366003 10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.008 10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.11.004 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10232-X 10.1038/s41598-018-23617-7 10.1007/s11003-008-9081-3 10.1007/s12598-012-0552-1 10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.043 10.1002/adem.201801215 10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.005 10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.055 10.1007/s11661-013-2080-5 10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.039 10.1007/s12289-013-1150-y 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.019 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.003 10.1016/j.msea.2011.03.030 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.053 10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.03.002 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.113 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.11.035 10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.004 10.1016/j.msea.2009.09.041 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.05.019 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.04.063 10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.064 10.1179/174329009X457063 10.1007/s11837-007-0074-8 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.032 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00049-5 10.1002/maco.201709709 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61557-4 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.053 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.146 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61043-9 10.1007/BF02664902 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.013 10.1007/s11837-004-0144-0 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00782-X 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63362-9 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| EISSN | 2214-7853 |
| EndPage | 569 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_matpr_2020_02_978 S2214785320317685 |
| GroupedDBID | --M .~1 0R~ 1~. 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 8P~ AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AATTM AAXKI AAXUO ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADVLN AEBSH AEIPS AEZYN AFJKZ AFRZQ AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV EBS EFJIC EJD FDB FIRID FYGXN GBLVA HZ~ KOM M41 O9- OAUVE P-8 P-9 PC. ROL SPC SPCBC SSH SSM SSZ T5K ~G- AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI AEUPX AFPUW AFXIZ AGCQF AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-3316184afe1b2385c12e5de01336cb8e018fce1ed4e19a56f08a014475b2ab283 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 2214-7853 |
| IngestDate | Tue Jul 01 03:44:07 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:05:13 EDT 2025 Sun Apr 06 06:58:53 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | FAST-DB Processing map FAST-forge Hot working Powder metallurgy Low-cost titanium alloys |
| Language | English |
| License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c303t-3316184afe1b2385c12e5de01336cb8e018fce1ed4e19a56f08a014475b2ab283 |
| PageCount | 6 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_02_978 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_02_978 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_02_978 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021 2021-00-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2021 text: 2021 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Materials today : proceedings |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Chen, Fray, Farthing (b0055) 2000; 407 Fang, Paramore, Sun, Chandran, Zhang, Xia, Cao, Koopman, Free (b0065) 2018; 63 Anand, Zavaliangos, von Turkovich (b0175) 1990; 39 Gupta, Narayana Murty, Pant, Agarwala, Sinha (b0305) 2012; 551 Froes (b0030) 1998; 50 Wang, Zeng, Zhao, Lai, Zhou (b0190) 2010; 45 Porntadawit, Uthaisangsuk, Choungthong (b0225) 2014; 599 Weston, Jackson (b0080) 2017; 243 Prasad, Gegel, Doraivelu, Malas, Morgan, Lark, Barker (b0240) 1984; 15 Powder Metall. Rev. (2012). Zong, Shan, Xu, Lv (b0205) 2009; 209 Balasundar, Ravi, Raghu (b0290) 2017; 684 Peng, Zeng, Wang, Yu (b0220) 2013; 571 Calvert, Wynne, Weston, Tudball, Jackson (b0380) 2018; 254 Fujii (b0115) 2014 Kim, Song, Lee, Kwon (b0310) 2016; 676 Zeng, Jonsson, Zhang (b0210) 2009; 505 Rittel, Wang (b0170) 2008; 40 SAmaterials, Stanf. Adv. Mater. (2014). Fujii, Takahashi (b0110) 2002 Pope, Jackson (b0375) 2019; 9 Bodunrin, Chown, van der Merwe, Alaneme (b0120) 2019 Lütjering, Williams (b0010) 2007 Bodunrin, Chown, van der Merwe, Alaneme (b0315) 2019 Vo, Jahazi, Yue, Bocher (b0200) 2007; 447 Bodunrin, Chown, van der Merwe, Alaneme (b0125) 2018; 69 Donachie (b0085) 2000 Poletti, Warchomicka, Degischer (b0250) 2010; 527 F.H. (Sam) Froes, H. Friedrich, J. Kiese, D. Bergoint, JOM 56 (2004) 40–44. Pereloma, Savvakin, Carman, Gazder, Ivasishin (b0365) 2012; 520 Kraft (b0075) 2003 Rao, Prasad, Suresh (b0300) 2011; 32 H. Fujii, K. Fujisawa, M. Ishil, Y. Yamashita, Development of Low-Cost High-Strength Ti-Fe-O-N Alloy Series, NIPPON STEEL, 2002. Kuroda, Kawasaki, Yamamoto, Hiromoto, Hanawa (b0150) 2005; 25 Fan, Kou, Lai, Tang, Chang, Li (b0275) 2013; 584 Bolzoni, Herraiz, Ruiz-Navas, Gordo (b0340) 2014; 60 Qu, Wang, Lei, Huang, Wang, Qin, Lu, Zhang (b0270) 2012; 555 Bolzoni, Ruiz-Navas, Gordo (b0345) 2016; 110 Jia, Zeng, Zhou, Liu, Wang (b0260) 2011; 528 Chen, Hwang, Ng (b0325) 2011; 528 Rao, Prasad (b0295) 2010; 527 Bolzoni, Esteban, Ruiz-Navas, Gordo (b0350) 2012; 15 Pope, Calvert, Weston, Jackson (b0370) 2019; 269 Prasad, Seshacharyulu (b0245) 1998; 243 Joshi, Lavender, Moxon, Duz, Nyberg, Weil (b0335) 2013; 22 Esteban, Ruiz-Navas, Bolzoni, Gordo (b0095) 2008; 63 Zhang, Chen (b0020) 2019; 21 Carman, Zhang, Ivasishin, Savvakin, Matviychuk, Pereloma (b0330) 2011; 528 Gao, Zhang, Yan (b0215) 2011; 528 Koike, Guo, Brezner, Fujii, Okabe (b0130) 2005; 2 Fujita, Ogawa, Ouchi, Tajima (b0320) 1996; 213 M.O. Bodunrin, Hot Deformation and Corrosion Behaviour of Low-Cost Α+β Titanium Alloys with Aluminium, Vanadium and Iron Additions, Thesis, 2018. Esteban, Bolzoni, Ruiz-Navas, Gordo (b0360) 2011; 54 Souza, Beladi, Singh, Rolfe, Hodgson (b0230) 2015; 648 Kahles, Field, Eylon, Froes (b0160) 1985; 37 Bettles, Tomus, Gibson (b0100) 2011; 528 Sharma, Vajpai, Ameyama (b0355) 2016; 656 Zhu, Gui, Jiang, Zhu, Lu, Zhang, Li (b0145) 2014; 45 Wang, Hui, Ye, Mi (b0265) 2012; 22 Oosthuizen (b0050) 2011; 111 Koike, Shimoyama, Ohnuma, Okamura, Kainuma, Ishida, Maruyama (b0105) 2000; 48 Ge, Zhang, Xin, Lin, Aindow, Zhang (b0180) 2018; 8 Wang, Hui, Ye, Mi, Wang, Zhang (b0140) 2012; 31 Araci, Mangabhai, Akhtar (b0040) 2015 Khan, Sung Suh, Kazmi (b0195) 2004; 20 Balasubrahmanyam, Prasad (b0255) 2002; 336 Bai, Zhao, Zeng, Jia, Zhang (b0280) 2014; 598 Narutaki, Murakoshi, Motonishi, Takeyama (b0165) 1983; 32 Agripa, Botef (b0035) 2019 Froes, Gungor, Imam (b0025) 2007; 59 Nochovnaya, Isaichev, Antashev (b0135) 2008; 44 Balasundar, Raghu, Kashyap (b0185) 2013; 8 van Vuuren, Oosthuizen, Heydenrych (b0060) 2011; 111 Chen, Ren, Qin, Li (b0235) 2015; 83 Leyens, Peters (b0005) 2003 Balasundar, Raghu, Kashyap (b0285) 2013; 23 Balasundar (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0285) 2013; 23 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0155 Agripa (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0035) 2019 Souza (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0230) 2015; 648 Bai (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0280) 2014; 598 Narutaki (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0165) 1983; 32 Carman (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0330) 2011; 528 Calvert (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0380) 2018; 254 Zhu (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0145) 2014; 45 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0070 Joshi (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0335) 2013; 22 Bolzoni (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0350) 2012; 15 van Vuuren (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0060) 2011; 111 Pope (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0375) 2019; 9 Bolzoni (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0345) 2016; 110 Rao (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0295) 2010; 527 Rao (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0300) 2011; 32 Vo (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0200) 2007; 447 Kim (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0310) 2016; 676 Fujii (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0115) 2014 Zong (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0205) 2009; 209 Lütjering (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0010) 2007 Rittel (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0170) 2008; 40 Oosthuizen (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0050) 2011; 111 Fan (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0275) 2013; 584 Jia (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0260) 2011; 528 Fang (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0065) 2018; 63 Anand (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0175) 1990; 39 Bodunrin (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0120) 2019 Wang (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0265) 2012; 22 Esteban (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0095) 2008; 63 Bodunrin (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0315) 2019 Fujii (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0110) 2002 Koike (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0130) 2005; 2 Balasundar (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0185) 2013; 8 Qu (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0270) 2012; 555 Sharma (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0355) 2016; 656 Wang (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0190) 2010; 45 Araci (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0040) 2015 Chen (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0235) 2015; 83 Nochovnaya (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0135) 2008; 44 Chen (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0325) 2011; 528 Kraft (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0075) 2003 Esteban (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0360) 2011; 54 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0015 Bodunrin (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0125) 2018; 69 Kuroda (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0150) 2005; 25 Porntadawit (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0225) 2014; 599 Froes (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0030) 1998; 50 Zhang (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0020) 2019; 21 Khan (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0195) 2004; 20 Donachie (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0085) 2000 Weston (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0080) 2017; 243 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0090 Koike (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0105) 2000; 48 Chen (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0055) 2000; 407 Bolzoni (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0340) 2014; 60 Zeng (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0210) 2009; 505 Fujita (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0320) 1996; 213 Prasad (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0245) 1998; 243 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0045 Bettles (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0100) 2011; 528 Balasundar (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0290) 2017; 684 Wang (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0140) 2012; 31 Gao (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0215) 2011; 528 Peng (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0220) 2013; 571 Poletti (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0250) 2010; 527 Gupta (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0305) 2012; 551 Pereloma (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0365) 2012; 520 Kahles (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0160) 1985; 37 Pope (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0370) 2019; 269 Ge (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0180) 2018; 8 Balasubrahmanyam (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0255) 2002; 336 Froes (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0025) 2007; 59 Prasad (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0240) 1984; 15 Leyens (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0005) 2003 |
| References_xml | – volume: 9 start-page: 654 year: 2019 ident: b0375 publication-title: Metals – volume: 32 start-page: 4874 year: 2011 end-page: 4881 ident: b0300 publication-title: Mater. Des. – volume: 39 start-page: 235 year: 1990 end-page: 238 ident: b0175 publication-title: CIRP Ann. – year: 2000 ident: b0085 article-title: Titanium: A Technical Guide – volume: 571 start-page: 116 year: 2013 end-page: 122 ident: b0220 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 243 start-page: 82 year: 1998 end-page: 88 ident: b0245 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 520 start-page: 49 year: 2012 end-page: 56 ident: b0365 publication-title: Key Eng. Mater. – volume: 528 start-page: 4445 year: 2011 end-page: 4452 ident: b0215 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 22 start-page: 2965 year: 2012 end-page: 2971 ident: b0265 publication-title: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China – volume: 676 start-page: 15 year: 2016 end-page: 25 ident: b0310 publication-title: J. Alloy. Compd. – volume: 23 start-page: 598 year: 2013 end-page: 607 ident: b0285 publication-title: Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. – volume: 656 start-page: 978 year: 2016 end-page: 986 ident: b0355 publication-title: J. Alloy. Compd. – volume: 48 start-page: 2059 year: 2000 end-page: 2069 ident: b0105 publication-title: Acta Mater. – year: 2019 ident: b0315 publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. – volume: 528 start-page: 4556 year: 2011 end-page: 4563 ident: b0325 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 40 start-page: 629 year: 2008 end-page: 635 ident: b0170 publication-title: Mech. Mater. – volume: 336 start-page: 150 year: 2002 end-page: 158 ident: b0255 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – year: 2003 ident: b0005 article-title: Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Application – volume: 527 start-page: 6589 year: 2010 end-page: 6595 ident: b0295 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 555 start-page: 99 year: 2012 end-page: 105 ident: b0270 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 254 start-page: 158 year: 2018 end-page: 170 ident: b0380 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – volume: 209 start-page: 1988 year: 2009 end-page: 1994 ident: b0205 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – start-page: 6 year: 2014 ident: b0115 publication-title: T. Maeda – volume: 584 start-page: 121 year: 2013 end-page: 132 ident: b0275 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 599 start-page: 212 year: 2014 end-page: 222 ident: b0225 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 37 start-page: 27 year: 1985 end-page: 35 ident: b0160 publication-title: JOM – volume: 528 start-page: 1686 year: 2011 end-page: 1693 ident: b0330 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 527 start-page: 1109 year: 2010 end-page: 1116 ident: b0250 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 50 start-page: 41 year: 1998 end-page: 43 ident: b0030 publication-title: JOM – volume: 447 start-page: 99 year: 2007 end-page: 110 ident: b0200 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 83 start-page: 598 year: 2015 end-page: 610 ident: b0235 publication-title: Mater. Des. – volume: 21 start-page: 1801215 year: 2019 ident: b0020 publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater. – reference: F.H. (Sam) Froes, H. Friedrich, J. Kiese, D. Bergoint, JOM 56 (2004) 40–44. – volume: 59 start-page: 28 year: 2007 end-page: 31 ident: b0025 publication-title: JOM – volume: 213 start-page: 148 year: 1996 end-page: 153 ident: b0320 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 60 start-page: 628 year: 2014 end-page: 636 ident: b0340 publication-title: Mater. Des. – volume: 407 start-page: 361 year: 2000 end-page: 364 ident: b0055 publication-title: Nature – year: 2002 ident: b0110 article-title: Development of High Performance Ti-Fe-Al Alloy publication-title: Series, NIPPON STEEL – year: 2003 ident: b0075 article-title: Summary of Emerging Titanium Cost Reduction Technologies – volume: 32 start-page: 65 year: 1983 end-page: 69 ident: b0165 publication-title: CIRP Ann. – volume: 45 start-page: 5883 year: 2010 end-page: 5891 ident: b0190 publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. – reference: H. Fujii, K. Fujisawa, M. Ishil, Y. Yamashita, Development of Low-Cost High-Strength Ti-Fe-O-N Alloy Series, NIPPON STEEL, 2002. – volume: 528 start-page: 4068 year: 2011 end-page: 4074 ident: b0260 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 45 start-page: 1761 year: 2014 end-page: 1766 ident: b0145 publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A – volume: 684 start-page: 135 year: 2017 end-page: 145 ident: b0290 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 243 start-page: 335 year: 2017 end-page: 346 ident: b0080 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – volume: 15 start-page: 1883 year: 1984 end-page: 1892 ident: b0240 publication-title: Metall. Trans. A – volume: 110 start-page: 317 year: 2016 end-page: 323 ident: b0345 publication-title: Mater. Des. – volume: 15 start-page: 33 year: 2012 end-page: 45 ident: b0350 publication-title: J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. – volume: 20 start-page: 2233 year: 2004 end-page: 2248 ident: b0195 publication-title: Int. J. Plast. – volume: 8 start-page: 85 year: 2013 end-page: 97 ident: b0185 publication-title: Int. J. Mater. Form. – reference: Powder Metall. Rev. (2012). – volume: 25 start-page: 312 year: 2005 end-page: 320 ident: b0150 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., C – volume: 269 start-page: 200 year: 2019 end-page: 207 ident: b0370 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. – year: 2019 ident: b0035 publication-title: Titan. Alloys - Nov. Asp. Their Manuf. Process. – volume: 8 start-page: 5453 year: 2018 ident: b0180 publication-title: Sci. Rep. – volume: 69 start-page: 770 year: 2018 end-page: 780 ident: b0125 publication-title: Mater. Corros. – volume: 111 start-page: 199 year: 2011 end-page: 202 ident: b0050 publication-title: J. South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. – volume: 63 start-page: 24 year: 2008 end-page: 27 ident: b0095 publication-title: Met. Powder Rep. – year: 2007 ident: b0010 article-title: Engineering Materials: Titanium – volume: 551 start-page: 169 year: 2012 end-page: 186 ident: b0305 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A – start-page: 149 year: 2015 end-page: 162 ident: b0040 publication-title: Titan. Powder Metall. – volume: 63 start-page: 407 year: 2018 end-page: 459 ident: b0065 publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev. – volume: 31 start-page: 531 year: 2012 end-page: 536 ident: b0140 publication-title: Rare Met. – volume: 528 start-page: 4899 year: 2011 end-page: 4909 ident: b0100 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 111 start-page: 141 year: 2011 end-page: 147 ident: b0060 publication-title: J. South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. – start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 12 ident: b0120 publication-title: Corros. Eng., Sci. Technol. – reference: SAmaterials, Stanf. Adv. Mater. (2014). – volume: 54 start-page: 242 year: 2011 end-page: 252 ident: b0360 publication-title: Powder Metall. – volume: 22 start-page: 995 year: 2013 end-page: 1003 ident: b0335 publication-title: J. Mater. Eng. Perform. – volume: 2 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 10 ident: b0130 publication-title: J. ASTM Int. – reference: M.O. Bodunrin, Hot Deformation and Corrosion Behaviour of Low-Cost Α+β Titanium Alloys with Aluminium, Vanadium and Iron Additions, Thesis, 2018. – volume: 44 start-page: 396 year: 2008 end-page: 399 ident: b0135 publication-title: Mater. Sci. – volume: 598 start-page: 236 year: 2014 end-page: 243 ident: b0280 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 648 start-page: 265 year: 2015 end-page: 273 ident: b0230 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – volume: 505 start-page: 116 year: 2009 end-page: 119 ident: b0210 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A – ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0155 – volume: 111 start-page: 199 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0050 publication-title: J. South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0075 – volume: 520 start-page: 49 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0365 publication-title: Key Eng. Mater. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.520.49 – volume: 599 start-page: 212 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0225 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.064 – volume: 45 start-page: 5883 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0190 publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. doi: 10.1007/s10853-010-4667-1 – volume: 336 start-page: 150 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0255 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01982-7 – volume: 407 start-page: 361 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0055 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/35030069 – volume: 505 start-page: 116 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0210 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.017 – volume: 50 start-page: 41 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0030 publication-title: JOM doi: 10.1007/s11837-998-0413-4 – volume: 9 start-page: 654 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0375 publication-title: Metals doi: 10.3390/met9060654 – volume: 63 start-page: 24 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0095 publication-title: Met. Powder Rep. doi: 10.1016/S0026-0657(09)70040-2 – volume: 2 start-page: 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0130 publication-title: J. ASTM Int. doi: 10.1520/JAI12781 – volume: 110 start-page: 317 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0345 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.010 – volume: 22 start-page: 995 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0335 publication-title: J. Mater. Eng. Perform. doi: 10.1007/s11665-012-0386-x – year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0110 article-title: Development of High Performance Ti-Fe-Al Alloy publication-title: Series, NIPPON STEEL – volume: 528 start-page: 4556 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0325 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.092 – volume: 83 start-page: 598 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0235 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.048 – volume: 25 start-page: 312 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0150 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., C doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.04.004 – volume: 598 start-page: 236 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0280 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.005 – volume: 20 start-page: 2233 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0195 publication-title: Int. J. Plast. doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.06.005 – volume: 584 start-page: 121 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0275 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.019 – start-page: 149 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0040 – volume: 37 start-page: 27 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0160 publication-title: JOM doi: 10.1007/BF03259441 – volume: 269 start-page: 200 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0370 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.02.011 – volume: 63 start-page: 407 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0065 publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev. doi: 10.1080/09506608.2017.1366003 – volume: 571 start-page: 116 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0220 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.008 – volume: 23 start-page: 598 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0285 publication-title: Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.11.004 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0315 publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. – volume: 213 start-page: 148 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0320 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10232-X – volume: 8 start-page: 5453 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0180 publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23617-7 – volume: 44 start-page: 396 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0135 publication-title: Mater. Sci. doi: 10.1007/s11003-008-9081-3 – volume: 31 start-page: 531 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0140 publication-title: Rare Met. doi: 10.1007/s12598-012-0552-1 – volume: 684 start-page: 135 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0290 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.043 – volume: 21 start-page: 1801215 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0020 publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater. doi: 10.1002/adem.201801215 – start-page: 6 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0115 publication-title: T. Maeda – volume: 551 start-page: 169 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0305 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.005 – volume: 648 start-page: 265 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0230 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.055 – volume: 45 start-page: 1761 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0145 publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A doi: 10.1007/s11661-013-2080-5 – volume: 111 start-page: 141 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0060 publication-title: J. South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. – volume: 555 start-page: 99 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0270 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.039 – volume: 8 start-page: 85 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0185 publication-title: Int. J. Mater. Form. doi: 10.1007/s12289-013-1150-y – volume: 60 start-page: 628 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0340 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.019 – volume: 32 start-page: 4874 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0300 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.003 – year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0085 – volume: 528 start-page: 4899 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0100 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.03.030 – volume: 656 start-page: 978 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0355 publication-title: J. Alloy. Compd. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.053 – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0005 – volume: 40 start-page: 629 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0170 publication-title: Mech. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.03.002 – volume: 528 start-page: 4068 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0260 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.113 – volume: 254 start-page: 158 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0380 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.11.035 – volume: 528 start-page: 1686 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0330 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.004 – volume: 527 start-page: 1109 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0250 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.09.041 – volume: 15 start-page: 33 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0350 publication-title: J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.05.019 – volume: 209 start-page: 1988 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0205 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.04.063 – volume: 527 start-page: 6589 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0295 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.064 – volume: 54 start-page: 242 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0360 publication-title: Powder Metall. doi: 10.1179/174329009X457063 – ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0045 – ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0070 – volume: 59 start-page: 28 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0025 publication-title: JOM doi: 10.1007/s11837-007-0074-8 – volume: 447 start-page: 99 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0200 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.032 – volume: 48 start-page: 2059 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0105 publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00049-5 – volume: 69 start-page: 770 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0125 publication-title: Mater. Corros. doi: 10.1002/maco.201709709 – volume: 22 start-page: 2965 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0265 publication-title: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61557-4 – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0010 – volume: 528 start-page: 4445 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0215 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.053 – volume: 676 start-page: 15 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0310 publication-title: J. Alloy. Compd. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.146 – volume: 39 start-page: 235 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0175 publication-title: CIRP Ann. doi: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61043-9 – volume: 15 start-page: 1883 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0240 publication-title: Metall. Trans. A doi: 10.1007/BF02664902 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0035 publication-title: Titan. Alloys - Nov. Asp. Their Manuf. Process. – volume: 243 start-page: 335 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0080 publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.013 – ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0015 doi: 10.1007/s11837-004-0144-0 – volume: 243 start-page: 82 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0245 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng., A doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00782-X – ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0090 – start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0120 publication-title: Corros. Eng., Sci. Technol. – volume: 32 start-page: 65 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978_b0165 publication-title: CIRP Ann. doi: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63362-9 |
| SSID | ssj0001560816 |
| Score | 2.3797982 |
| Snippet | The production of titanium alloys became fully commercialized in the 1950s and that was precisely 145 years since titanium ores, ilmenite and rutile were first... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 564 |
| SubjectTerms | FAST-DB FAST-forge Hot working Low-cost titanium alloys Powder metallurgy Processing map |
| Title | Development of low-cost titanium alloys: A chronicle of challenges and opportunities |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.978 |
| Volume | 38 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3PS8MwFA5DL15EUXH-GDl4NK5Jkyz1NoZjKu7iBruVNklhMtviOsSLf7t5WasTZAdvpbwH4b3w3kvy3vchdBVJri286kojLOERFyShQhOlDJMsSdPA48w-jeVoyh9mYtZCg2YWBtoq69i_juk-Wtd_urU1u-V83n1mQLGjgNjA5UCpYNCc8x7s8ptP-nPP4lK68gyoIE9AoQEf8m1eri4sAReUBYDd6enW_kpQG0lneID262oR99cLOkQtmx-hyUajDy4yvCjeiS6WFYZ5sXy-esXwmP6xvMV9rBvsWxDUDXHKEie5wUUJtfcq95iqx2g6vJsMRqQmRyDaZZ2KhCFA3fMkszR1aVdoyqww1lV0odSpch8q05Zawy2NEiGzQCVweuqJ1LnAFRUnaCcvcnuKsHZHFhFmNHT-4jLVkTQhz5yTLDMRM7SNWGORWNfI4UBgsYibFrGX2JsxBjPGAYudGdvo-lupXANnbBeXjanjX_6PXWjfpnj2X8VztMegP8Vfp1ygneptZS9dgVGlHb-DOmi3f_84Gn8B95TPrw |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3PS8MwFA5zHvQiiorzZw4ejWvTJKbexnBM3XZxg91Cm6YwmW1xHeLFv928rNUJ4sFbKXlQvpe-95K8fB9Cl6Fg2sCprki4ISxknEQ-10TKhAoaxbHneGaHI9GfsIcpnzZQt74LA22VVexfxXQXras37QrNdjGbtZ8oSOxIEDawOVBIvoE2mf19Qcbg-sP_3mixOV06CVQwIGBRsw-5Pi9bGBZADEo9IO90emu_Zai1rNPbRTtVuYg7qy_aQw2T7aPxWqcPzlM8z9-Izhclhgtj2Wz5guE0_X1xiztY1-S3MFDXyikLHGUJzgsovpeZI1U9QJPe3bjbJ5U6AtE27ZQkCIDrnkWp8WObd7n2qeGJsSVdIHQs7YNMtfFNwowfRlyknoxg-XTDY-sDW1UcomaWZ-YIYW3XLDxI_cA6jIlYhyIJWGq9ZGgS0sRvIVojonRFHQ4KFnNV94g9KwejAhiVR5WFsYWuvoyKFXPG38NFDbX6MQGUje1_GR7_1_ACbfXHw4Ea3I8eT9A2hWYVt7dyiprl69Kc2WqjjM_dbPoE5JPRPQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development+of+low-cost+titanium+alloys%3A+A+chronicle+of+challenges+and+opportunities&rft.jtitle=Materials+today+%3A+proceedings&rft.au=Bodunrin%2C+Michael+O.&rft.au=Chown%2C+Lesley+H.&rft.au=Omotoyinbo%2C+Joseph+A.&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=2214-7853&rft.eissn=2214-7853&rft.volume=38&rft.spage=564&rft.epage=569&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.matpr.2020.02.978&rft.externalDocID=S2214785320317685 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2214-7853&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2214-7853&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2214-7853&client=summon |