The initiation of a migraine associated with a specific gene responsible for regulating immune function: Hypothesis

• Published in: Medical hypotheses Vol. 188; p. 111382
• Main Authors: Arumugam, Murugesan, Sugumar, Subalakshmi, Ganesan, Pooja
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2024
• Subjects: Autoimmunity; Circulating antibodies; FOXP3; Genetic mutation; Migraine; Migraine pathophysiology; Autoimmunity; Migraine pathophysiology; Circulating antibodies; FOXP3; Genetic mutation; Migraine
• ISSN: 0306-9877; 1532-2777
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111382

•The initial cause of migraine has not been identified.•Our earlier clinical studied we observed reduction of Regulatory T cells in migraine patients.•The role of autoimmunity in migraine pathogenesis remains a subject of debate.•We posit that mutations in genetic factors controlling the immune system may be central to the migraine puzzle. Migraine, recognized as a pervasive global health concern, is ranked the third leading cause of disability. It continues to pose significant challenges attributable to the lack of a definitive etiology and absence of universally efficacious treatment modalities. Despite extensive research and diverse treatment approaches, such as the use of CGRP antagonists, the outcomes have not consistently met expectations. Given this context, our hypothesis introduces a novel viewpoint by suggesting potential associations between migraine and deviations in immunological irregularities, specifically emphasizing the role of FOXP3. The theory posits that mutations in FOXP3 may play a central role in the migraine puzzle, implicating Treg cells and cytokines in the pathophysiology. Supporting evidence includes observed changes in T cell subsets and cytokines in patients with migraine, highlighting the intricate interplay between genetics and immune functions. To substantiate this, the author suggests employing assays targeting immune cells, autoantibodies, and specific genetic variations, and investigating B-cell activating factors and inflammatory markers during different migraine phases. This proposed connection aligns with the observed associations between autoimmune conditions and migraine, indicating shared genetic factors. Understanding the intricate relationship between genetics and immune function in migraine could offer insights into the origin of the condition and guide personalized treatment strategies, potentially marking a paradigm shift in migraine management.