Experimental models to study the physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract
The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its pathophysiological basis, several in vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed. In vitro tension recording from multicellular strips is in...
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| Published in | Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods Vol. 49; no. 3; pp. 201 - 210 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.05.2004
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| Abstract | The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its pathophysiological basis, several in vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed. In vitro tension recording from multicellular strips is in widespread use, and alternative experimental arrangements to a conventional organ bath are described, the relative merits are discussed, and the different experimentally derived variables are evaluated. Other methodologies, such as skinned fibres and whole bladder preparations, are also described. Electromyography in the isolated bladder is now feasible, and its potential uses discussed. The use of isolated smooth muscle cells is presented, especially with respect to the measurement of intracellular ion concentrations and electrophysiological parameters. The development of methods to prepare other cell types from the lower urinary tract is also introduced. A large-scale culture of urothelial and smooth muscle cells is possible, and their use as experimental tools, as well as a substrate for the development of surgical implants, is presented. Finally, different in vivo models of the lower urinary tract are presented, with reference to their investigation of clinical problems. These include models of bladder outflow obstruction, bladder ischaemia, bladder denervation, and congenital abnormalities and their influence on foetal development of the lower urinary tract. |
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| AbstractList | The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its pathophysiological basis, several in vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed. In vitro tension recording from multicellular strips is in widespread use, and alternative experimental arrangements to a conventional organ bath are described, the relative merits are discussed, and the different experimentally derived variables are evaluated. Other methodologies, such as skinned fibres and whole bladder preparations, are also described. Electromyography in the isolated bladder is now feasible, and its potential uses discussed. The use of isolated smooth muscle cells is presented, especially with respect to the measurement of intracellular ion concentrations and electrophysiological parameters. The development of methods to prepare other cell types from the lower urinary tract is also introduced. A large-scale culture of urothelial and smooth muscle cells is possible, and their use as experimental tools, as well as a substrate for the development of surgical implants, is presented. Finally, different in vivo models of the lower urinary tract are presented, with reference to their investigation of clinical problems. These include models of bladder outflow obstruction, bladder ischaemia, bladder denervation, and congenital abnormalities and their influence on foetal development of the lower urinary tract. The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its pathophysiological basis, several in vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed. In vitro tension recording from multicellular strips is in widespread use, and alternative experimental arrangements to a conventional organ bath are described, the relative merits are discussed, and the different experimentally derived variables are evaluated. Other methodologies, such as skinned fibres and whole bladder preparations, are also described. Electromyography in the isolated bladder is now feasible, and its potential uses discussed. The use of isolated smooth muscle cells is presented, especially with respect to the measurement of intracellular ion concentrations and electrophysiological parameters. The development of methods to prepare other cell types from the lower urinary tract is also introduced. A large-scale culture of urothelial and smooth muscle cells is possible, and their use as experimental tools, as well as a substrate for the development of surgical implants, is presented. Finally, different in vivo models of the lower urinary tract are presented, with reference to their investigation of clinical problems. These include models of bladder outflow obstruction, bladder ischaemia, bladder denervation, and congenital abnormalities and their influence on foetal development of the lower urinary tract.The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its pathophysiological basis, several in vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed. In vitro tension recording from multicellular strips is in widespread use, and alternative experimental arrangements to a conventional organ bath are described, the relative merits are discussed, and the different experimentally derived variables are evaluated. Other methodologies, such as skinned fibres and whole bladder preparations, are also described. Electromyography in the isolated bladder is now feasible, and its potential uses discussed. The use of isolated smooth muscle cells is presented, especially with respect to the measurement of intracellular ion concentrations and electrophysiological parameters. The development of methods to prepare other cell types from the lower urinary tract is also introduced. A large-scale culture of urothelial and smooth muscle cells is possible, and their use as experimental tools, as well as a substrate for the development of surgical implants, is presented. Finally, different in vivo models of the lower urinary tract are presented, with reference to their investigation of clinical problems. These include models of bladder outflow obstruction, bladder ischaemia, bladder denervation, and congenital abnormalities and their influence on foetal development of the lower urinary tract. |
| Author | Fry, C.H |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15172016$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00345_009_0446_5 crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_280204 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2613_2012_00813_x crossref_primary_10_1186_1472_6793_6_1 crossref_primary_10_15407_cryo30_02_188 crossref_primary_10_1002_nau_23223 crossref_primary_10_1002_nau_24363 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0192415X14500529 crossref_primary_10_1002_nau_21108 crossref_primary_10_1042_ETLS20170047 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13534_024_00453_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vascn_2004_03_011 crossref_primary_10_1124_pharmrev_121_000523 crossref_primary_10_1111_rda_13862 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eururo_2009_05_028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pharmthera_2016_01_007 |
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| Keywords | Multicellular preparations Bladder obstruction Intracellular ions Electrophysiology Cultured cells Isometric tension Electromyography Isolated cells Bladder denervation |
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| Snippet | The lower urinary tract is subject to a number of functional disorders, the most common of which, in humans, is bladder overactivity. To understand its... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Bladder denervation Bladder obstruction Cells, Cultured Cultured cells Electromyography Electrophysiology Humans Intracellular ions Isolated cells Isometric Contraction - drug effects Isometric Contraction - physiology Isometric tension Models, Theoretical Multicellular preparations Muscle Contraction - drug effects Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle, Smooth - cytology Muscle, Smooth - drug effects Muscle, Smooth - physiology Urinary Bladder - cytology Urinary Bladder - drug effects Urinary Bladder - physiology Urinary Bladder Diseases - physiopathology Urinary Tract - physiopathology Urothelium - cytology Urothelium - drug effects |
| Title | Experimental models to study the physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract |
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