Emergence and Aftermath: The (Un)Becoming of Resources and Identities in Northwestern Ecuador
ABSTRACT Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume reso...
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Published in | American anthropologist Vol. 120; no. 4; pp. 752 - 764 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.12.2018
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | ABSTRACT
Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume resource inevitability. Yet the ebbing of resource potential reflects on‐the‐ground social fields that have received little ethnographic attention. Such is the case in the Intag region of northwestern Ecuador, site of copper mineralization and an ongoing conflict over resource exploration. In this article, I examine the everyday relations between pro‐mining “mineros” and anti‐mining “ecologistas” during and after a conflict with Ascendant Copper, a junior company present between 2004 and 2008. Analyzing these local relations through the medium of social play, I describe the mediated and equivocated ways locals articulated these subject positions. This dynamic set the conditions for a distinct period of aftermath following Ascendant's departure, during which the significance of minero and ecologista subjectivities waned. While anthropologists have long approached emergent identities as processes of being and becoming, this article puts into sharper relief questions of degree and duration, highlighting the partial formation of these identities and the conditions through which they may subside. [identity, temporality, resource becoming, mining conflict, Ecuador]
RESUMEN
A lo largo de las periferias de la exploración mineral, los recursos vienen y van, definidos por períodos de presencia y ausencia. Aunque la investigación reciente sobre “llegar a ser recurso” resalta la no linealidad de los recursos del subsuelo, el análisis de la formación de identidad y el conflicto sobre recursos aún tiende a asumir la inevitabilidad de los recursos. Aún la decadencia del potencial del recurso refleja campos sociales sobre el terreno que han recibido poca atención etnográfica. Tal es el caso en la región Intag del Noroeste del Ecuador, sitio de mineralización de cobre y un conflicto en desarrollo sobre la exploración del recurso. En este artículo, examino las relaciones cotidianas entre los “mineros” prominería y los “ecologistas” antiminería durante y después de un conflicto con Ascendant Cooper, una compañía nueva en el sector presente entre 2004 y 2008. Analizando estas relaciones locales a través del medio del juego social, describo las formas mediadas y equivocadas en que habitantes locales articularon estas posiciones de sujeto. Esta dinámica estableció las condiciones para un período distinto de repercusiones tras la partida de Ascendant, durante el cual el significado de las subjetividades minero y ecologista se debilitó. Mientras antropólogos por largo tiempo han abordado las identidades emergentes como procesos de ser y de llegar a ser, este artículo plantea preguntas más claras de grado y duración, enfatizando la formación parcial de esas identidades y las condiciones a través de las cuales ellas pueden disminuir. [identidad, temporalidad, llegar a ser recurso, conflicto minero, Ecuador] |
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AbstractList | ABSTRACT
Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume resource inevitability. Yet the ebbing of resource potential reflects on‐the‐ground social fields that have received little ethnographic attention. Such is the case in the Intag region of northwestern Ecuador, site of copper mineralization and an ongoing conflict over resource exploration. In this article, I examine the everyday relations between pro‐mining “mineros” and anti‐mining “ecologistas” during and after a conflict with Ascendant Copper, a junior company present between 2004 and 2008. Analyzing these local relations through the medium of social play, I describe the mediated and equivocated ways locals articulated these subject positions. This dynamic set the conditions for a distinct period of aftermath following Ascendant's departure, during which the significance of minero and ecologista subjectivities waned. While anthropologists have long approached emergent identities as processes of being and becoming, this article puts into sharper relief questions of degree and duration, highlighting the partial formation of these identities and the conditions through which they may subside. [identity, temporality, resource becoming, mining conflict, Ecuador]
RESUMEN
A lo largo de las periferias de la exploración mineral, los recursos vienen y van, definidos por períodos de presencia y ausencia. Aunque la investigación reciente sobre “llegar a ser recurso” resalta la no linealidad de los recursos del subsuelo, el análisis de la formación de identidad y el conflicto sobre recursos aún tiende a asumir la inevitabilidad de los recursos. Aún la decadencia del potencial del recurso refleja campos sociales sobre el terreno que han recibido poca atención etnográfica. Tal es el caso en la región Intag del Noroeste del Ecuador, sitio de mineralización de cobre y un conflicto en desarrollo sobre la exploración del recurso. En este artículo, examino las relaciones cotidianas entre los “mineros” prominería y los “ecologistas” antiminería durante y después de un conflicto con Ascendant Cooper, una compañía nueva en el sector presente entre 2004 y 2008. Analizando estas relaciones locales a través del medio del juego social, describo las formas mediadas y equivocadas en que habitantes locales articularon estas posiciones de sujeto. Esta dinámica estableció las condiciones para un período distinto de repercusiones tras la partida de Ascendant, durante el cual el significado de las subjetividades minero y ecologista se debilitó. Mientras antropólogos por largo tiempo han abordado las identidades emergentes como procesos de ser y de llegar a ser, este artículo plantea preguntas más claras de grado y duración, enfatizando la formación parcial de esas identidades y las condiciones a través de las cuales ellas pueden disminuir. [identidad, temporalidad, llegar a ser recurso, conflicto minero, Ecuador] Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume resource inevitability. Yet the ebbing of resource potential reflects on‐the‐ground social fields that have received little ethnographic attention. Such is the case in the Intag region of northwestern Ecuador, site of copper mineralization and an ongoing conflict over resource exploration. In this article, I examine the everyday relations between pro‐mining “ mineros ” and anti‐mining “ ecologistas ” during and after a conflict with Ascendant Copper, a junior company present between 2004 and 2008. Analyzing these local relations through the medium of social play, I describe the mediated and equivocated ways locals articulated these subject positions. This dynamic set the conditions for a distinct period of aftermath following Ascendant's departure, during which the significance of minero and ecologista subjectivities waned. While anthropologists have long approached emergent identities as processes of being and becoming, this article puts into sharper relief questions of degree and duration, highlighting the partial formation of these identities and the conditions through which they may subside. [ identity, temporality, resource becoming, mining conflict, Ecuador ] A lo largo de las periferias de la exploración mineral, los recursos vienen y van, definidos por períodos de presencia y ausencia. Aunque la investigación reciente sobre “llegar a ser recurso” resalta la no linealidad de los recursos del subsuelo, el análisis de la formación de identidad y el conflicto sobre recursos aún tiende a asumir la inevitabilidad de los recursos. Aún la decadencia del potencial del recurso refleja campos sociales sobre el terreno que han recibido poca atención etnográfica. Tal es el caso en la región Intag del Noroeste del Ecuador, sitio de mineralización de cobre y un conflicto en desarrollo sobre la exploración del recurso. En este artículo, examino las relaciones cotidianas entre los “ mineros ” prominería y los “ ecologistas ” antiminería durante y después de un conflicto con Ascendant Cooper, una compañía nueva en el sector presente entre 2004 y 2008. Analizando estas relaciones locales a través del medio del juego social, describo las formas mediadas y equivocadas en que habitantes locales articularon estas posiciones de sujeto. Esta dinámica estableció las condiciones para un período distinto de repercusiones tras la partida de Ascendant, durante el cual el significado de las subjetividades minero y ecologista se debilitó. Mientras antropólogos por largo tiempo han abordado las identidades emergentes como procesos de ser y de llegar a ser, este artículo plantea preguntas más claras de grado y duración, enfatizando la formación parcial de esas identidades y las condiciones a través de las cuales ellas pueden disminuir. [ identidad, temporalidad, llegar a ser recurso, conflicto minero, Ecuador ] Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource becoming” highlights the nonlinearity of subsoil resources, analyses of identity formation and resource conflict still tends to assume resource inevitability. Yet the ebbing of resource potential reflects on‐the‐ground social fields that have received little ethnographic attention. Such is the case in the Intag region of northwestern Ecuador, site of copper mineralization and an ongoing conflict over resource exploration. In this article, I examine the everyday relations between pro‐mining “mineros” and anti‐mining “ecologistas” during and after a conflict with Ascendant Copper, a junior company present between 2004 and 2008. Analyzing these local relations through the medium of social play, I describe the mediated and equivocated ways locals articulated these subject positions. This dynamic set the conditions for a distinct period of aftermath following Ascendant's departure, during which the significance of minero and ecologista subjectivities waned. While anthropologists have long approached emergent identities as processes of being and becoming, this article puts into sharper relief questions of degree and duration, highlighting the partial formation of these identities and the conditions through which they may subside. [identity, temporality, resource becoming, mining conflict, Ecuador] |
Author | Kneas, David |
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Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on... Along the peripheries of mineral exploration, resources come and go, defined by periods of presence and absence. Though recent scholarship on “resource... |
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SubjectTerms | Aftermath Anthropologists Conflict Conflict management Copper Copper industry Ethnography Identity formation Mining Mining industry Multinational corporations Resource exploration Resource management Time |
Title | Emergence and Aftermath: The (Un)Becoming of Resources and Identities in Northwestern Ecuador |
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