EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE IN THE FAR-FIELD, NEAR-TO-FAR FIELD AND NEAR-FIELD REGIONS FOR INTEGRATIVE RADIOFREQUENCY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by wireless radiofrequency (RF) systems depends on different parameters. Previously, SAR was mainly assessed under conditions of a single frequency and technology and for a limited number of localized RF sources. The current and emerging mobile systems invo...
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| Published in | Radiation protection dosimetry Vol. 190; no. 4; pp. 459 - 472 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Oxford University Press (OUP)
16.10.2020
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| Abstract | The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by wireless radiofrequency (RF) systems depends on different parameters. Previously, SAR was mainly assessed under conditions of a single frequency and technology and for a limited number of localized RF sources. The current and emerging mobile systems involve a wider range of usage scenarios and are frequently used simultaneously, leading to combined exposures for which almost no exposure evaluation exists. The aim and novelty of this study is to close this gap of knowledge by developing new methods to rapidly evaluate the SAR induced by RF systems in such scenarios at frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz. To this aim, analytical methods for SAR estimation in several usage scenarios were derived through a large-scale numerical study. These include subject-specific characteristics, properties of the RF systems and provide an estimation of the SAR in the whole body, tissues and organs, and different brain regions. |
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| AbstractList | The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by wireless radiofrequency (RF) systems depends on different parameters. Previously, SAR was mainly assessed under conditions of a single frequency and technology and for a limited number of localized RF sources. The current and emerging mobile systems involve a wider range of usage scenarios and are frequently used simultaneously, leading to combined exposures for which almost no exposure evaluation exists. The aim and novelty of this study is to close this gap of knowledge by developing new methods to rapidly evaluate the SAR induced by RF systems in such scenarios at frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz. To this aim, analytical methods for SAR estimation in several usage scenarios were derived through a large-scale numerical study. These include subject-specific characteristics, properties of the RF systems and provide an estimation of the SAR in the whole body, tissues and organs, and different brain regions. The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by wireless radiofrequency (RF) systems depends on different parameters. Previously, SAR was mainly assessed under conditions of a single frequency and technology and for a limited number of localized RF sources. The current and emerging mobile systems involve a wider range of usage scenarios and are frequently used simultaneously, leading to combined exposures for which almost no exposure evaluation exists. The aim and novelty of this study is to close this gap of knowledge by developing new methods to rapidly evaluate the SAR induced by RF systems in such scenarios at frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz. To this aim, analytical methods for SAR estimation in several usage scenarios were derived through a large-scale numerical study. These include subject-specific characteristics, properties of the RF systems and provide an estimation of the SAR in the whole body, tissues and organs, and different brain regions.The specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by wireless radiofrequency (RF) systems depends on different parameters. Previously, SAR was mainly assessed under conditions of a single frequency and technology and for a limited number of localized RF sources. The current and emerging mobile systems involve a wider range of usage scenarios and are frequently used simultaneously, leading to combined exposures for which almost no exposure evaluation exists. The aim and novelty of this study is to close this gap of knowledge by developing new methods to rapidly evaluate the SAR induced by RF systems in such scenarios at frequencies from 50 MHz to 5.5 GHz. To this aim, analytical methods for SAR estimation in several usage scenarios were derived through a large-scale numerical study. These include subject-specific characteristics, properties of the RF systems and provide an estimation of the SAR in the whole body, tissues and organs, and different brain regions. |
| Author | Capstick, Myles Cardis, Elisabeth Joseph, Wout Guxens, Mònica Wiart, Joe van Wel, Luuk Liorni, Ilaria Vermeulen, Roel Thielens, Arno |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ilaria surname: Liorni fullname: Liorni, Ilaria organization: Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS), Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Myles surname: Capstick fullname: Capstick, Myles organization: Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS), Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Luuk surname: van Wel fullname: van Wel, Luuk organization: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Joe surname: Wiart fullname: Wiart, Joe organization: Chaire C2M LTCI, Telecom ParisTech Universitè Paris Saclay, 46 Rue Barrault, 75013 Paris, Paris, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Wout surname: Joseph fullname: Joseph, Wout organization: Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Ghent, Belgium – sequence: 6 givenname: Elisabeth surname: Cardis fullname: Cardis, Elisabeth organization: ISGlobal, Carrer del Rosselló, 132, 08036 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain – sequence: 7 givenname: Mònica surname: Guxens fullname: Guxens, Mònica organization: ISGlobal, Carrer del Rosselló, 132, 08036 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands – sequence: 8 givenname: Roel surname: Vermeulen fullname: Vermeulen, Roel organization: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, London, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Arno orcidid: 0000-0002-8089-6382 surname: Thielens fullname: Thielens, Arno organization: Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Ghent, Belgium |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1136/oemed-2011-100065 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00124 10.1049/PBEW026E 10.3390/ijerph120605934 10.1088/0031-9155/56/2/007 10.1136/oem.2008.043380 10.1109/22.539945 10.1109/TNS.1980.4331114 10.1289/EHP2427 10.1002/9781119285137 10.1088/0031-9155/61/8/3237 10.3390/ijerph110909460 10.1002/bem.21762 10.1109/22.884187 10.3390/ijerph120505634 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.025 10.1137/13091899X 10.1002/bem.21799 10.1002/bem.21928 10.1093/rpd/ncu019 10.1088/0031-9155/55/11/009 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105808 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.022 10.1088/0031-9155/55/2/N01 10.1002/bem.21782 10.1109/JERM.2018.2825018 10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5287 |
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| Title | EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE IN THE FAR-FIELD, NEAR-TO-FAR FIELD AND NEAR-FIELD REGIONS FOR INTEGRATIVE RADIOFREQUENCY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT |
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