Optimizing China's onshore wind farm layout crucial for carbon neutrality

China is taking renewable energy seriously for meeting ambitious carbon neutrality goal, and eagerly filling available space to harness the wind power. It is therefore crucial to rethink the unintended consequences. Herein, we employ the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to assess the onshore win...

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Published inEnvironmental impact assessment review Vol. 101; p. 107159
Main Authors Li, Qiangfeng, Duan, Huabo, Liu, Gang, Xie, Minghui, Lei, Guoyuan, Cheng, Jinhua, Dai, Tao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Inc 01.07.2023
Subjects
Carbon emissions
Carbon neutrality
Life cycle assessment
Onshore wind farm
Optimizing layout
Life cycle assessment
Gg
EoL
Mt
MW
LCA
Bt
Tg
Carbon neutrality
Optimizing layout
Onshore wind farm
Carbon emissions
CO2 e
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Abstract China is taking renewable energy seriously for meeting ambitious carbon neutrality goal, and eagerly filling available space to harness the wind power. It is therefore crucial to rethink the unintended consequences. Herein, we employ the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to assess the onshore wind farm from the perspective of aligning carbon neutrality goal in China. We find that the total carbon emissions of onshore wind farm in China in 2018 was ca. 11 Mt. CO2e, or 24.9 gCO2e per kWh on average, which indeed mitigated ca. 290 Mt. CO2e for replacing conventional coal power. Moreover, province-level carbon emissions and emission intensity outputs have been quantified. It shows that China's coastal provinces are preferred regions for the development of wind power industry after evaluating of China's onshore wind farms layout under multiple indicators. However, if existed wind farm layout mode which presents a significant conflict between resource potentials and demand market can be optimized, a scenarios-based analysis shows that 2.4 to 6.2 billion metric tons CO2e can be probably avoided every year between 2023 and 2060. This amount probably equals over half of the carbon emissions from fuel combustion in China. •This study quantified the total carbon emissions of wind turbine and related facility using LCA.•Wind farm in China indeed mitigated ca. 290 Mt. CO2e in 2018 for replacing conventional coal power.•Existing wind farm layout mode presents a significant conflict between resource potentials and demand market.•New province-level carbon emissions and emission intensity outputs are derived.•Super environmental benefits of China's onshore wind farm are confirmed.
AbstractList China is taking renewable energy seriously for meeting ambitious carbon neutrality goal, and eagerly filling available space to harness the wind power. It is therefore crucial to rethink the unintended consequences. Herein, we employ the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to assess the onshore wind farm from the perspective of aligning carbon neutrality goal in China. We find that the total carbon emissions of onshore wind farm in China in 2018 was ca. 11 Mt. CO2e, or 24.9 gCO2e per kWh on average, which indeed mitigated ca. 290 Mt. CO2e for replacing conventional coal power. Moreover, province-level carbon emissions and emission intensity outputs have been quantified. It shows that China's coastal provinces are preferred regions for the development of wind power industry after evaluating of China's onshore wind farms layout under multiple indicators. However, if existed wind farm layout mode which presents a significant conflict between resource potentials and demand market can be optimized, a scenarios-based analysis shows that 2.4 to 6.2 billion metric tons CO2e can be probably avoided every year between 2023 and 2060. This amount probably equals over half of the carbon emissions from fuel combustion in China. •This study quantified the total carbon emissions of wind turbine and related facility using LCA.•Wind farm in China indeed mitigated ca. 290 Mt. CO2e in 2018 for replacing conventional coal power.•Existing wind farm layout mode presents a significant conflict between resource potentials and demand market.•New province-level carbon emissions and emission intensity outputs are derived.•Super environmental benefits of China's onshore wind farm are confirmed.
ArticleNumber 107159
Author Liu, Gang
Lei, Guoyuan
Xie, Minghui
Duan, Huabo
Li, Qiangfeng
Cheng, Jinhua
Dai, Tao
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2023_122267
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijfatigue_2024_108276
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resconrec_2024_107593
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Keywords Life cycle assessment
Gg
EoL
Mt
MW
LCA
Bt
Tg
Carbon neutrality
Optimizing layout
Onshore wind farm
Carbon emissions
CO2 e
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Snippet China is taking renewable energy seriously for meeting ambitious carbon neutrality goal, and eagerly filling available space to harness the wind power. It is...
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StartPage 107159
SubjectTerms Carbon emissions
Carbon neutrality
Life cycle assessment
Onshore wind farm
Optimizing layout
Title Optimizing China's onshore wind farm layout crucial for carbon neutrality
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