Use and fate of pesticides in the Amazon State, Brazil: risk to human health and the environment
During the last 30 years, the increase of the human population in the Amazon introduced the need for additional food production and caused the state government to implement programs to increase and improve agricultural production. The production of nontraditional crops introduced several problems un...
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Published in | Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 9; no. 6; pp. 423 - 428 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Springer Nature B.V
01.01.2002
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Abstract | During the last 30 years, the increase of the human population in the Amazon introduced the need for additional food production and caused the state government to implement programs to increase and improve agricultural production. The production of nontraditional crops introduced several problems unknown to traditional farmers, since they are not well adapted to tropical conditions. Their susceptibility to insects, fungi and other plagues, and the competition with native vegetation forced farmers to use pesticides intensively. Amazonian farmers were not adequately prepared for the use of this new technology; they ignored the risk of pesticides to human health and the environment. Using the region of the state capital Manaus as an example, the characteristics of the pesticide use are described (e.g. the increased use and the lack of personal protective equipment, as well as the legal situation). In detail, the registration status of pesticides used in the State of Amazonas and the state of their registration in the European Union is compared. Finally, it is concluded that the use and the fate of pesticides in the Amazon region has to be monitored. Data of the effects on humans and on the environment have to be collected from the literature or have to be produced in standardized tests, so that an environmental risk assessment becomes possible. Training and information programs are urgently needed in order to build up environmentally sustainable agriculture. Finally, the enforcement of Brazilian laws concerning pesticide registration has to be improved. |
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AbstractList | During the last 30 years, the increase of the human population in the Amazon introduced the need for additional food production and caused the state government to implement programs to increase and improve agricultural production. The production of nontraditional crops introduced several problems unknown to traditional farmers, since they are not well adapted to tropical conditions. Their susceptibility to insects, fungi and other plagues, and the competition with native vegetation forced farmers to use pesticides intensively. Amazonian farmers were not adequately prepared for the use of this new technology; they ignored the risk of pesticides to human health and the environment. Using the region of the state capital Manaus as an example, the characteristics of the pesticide use are described (e.g. the increased use and the lack of personal protective equipment, as well as the legal situation). In detail, the registration status of pesticides used in the State of Amazonas and the state of their registration in the European Union is compared. Finally, it is concluded that the use and the fate of pesticides in the Amazon region has to be monitored. Data of the effects on humans and on the environment have to be collected from the literature or have to be produced in standardized tests, so that an environmental risk assessment becomes possible. Training and information programs are urgently needed in order to build up environmentally sustainable agriculture. Finally, the enforcement of Brazilian laws concerning pesticide registration has to be improved. Pesticide use in nontraditional crop production has increased in the last 30 yr in the Amazon basin of Brazil, as the agricultural sector has sought to keep pace with growing populations and increasing demand for food. Farmers not adequately prepared for the adoption of pesticide technology applied them in a way that threatens human health and the environment. The characteristics of pesticide use in the state capital of Manaus are described, highlighting the prevalence of indiscriminate and incorrect usage and lack of personal protective equipment. The need for monitoring the use and fate of pesticides in this region and for conducting training and information campaigns for farmers is stressed. During the last 30 years, the increase of the human population in the Amazon introduced the need for additional food production and caused the state government to implement programs to increase and improve agricultural production. The production of nontraditional crops introduced several problems unknown to traditional farmers, since they are not well adapted to tropical conditions. Their susceptibility to insects, fungi and other plagues, and the competition with native vegetation forced farmers to use pesticides intensively. Amazonian farmers were not adequately prepared for the use of this new technology; they ignored the risk of pesticides to human health and the environment. Using the region of the state capital Manaus as an example, the characteristics of the pesticide use are described (e.g. the increased use and the lack of personal protective equipment, as well as the legal situation). In detail, the registration status of pesticides used in the State of Amazonas and the state of their registration in the European Union is compared. Finally, it is concluded that the use and the fate of pesticides in the Amazon region has to be monitored. Data of the effects on humans and on the environment have to be collected from the literature or have to be produced in standardized tests, so that an environmental risk assessment becomes possible. Training and information programs are urgently needed in order to build up environmentally sustainable agriculture. Finally, the enforcement of Brazilian laws concerning pesticide registration has to be improved.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Ribeiro, Maria Olívia A Waichman, Andrea Viviana Römbke, Jörg Nina, Nailson C S |
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Cites_doi | 10.1002/etc.5620160104 10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00238-5 10.1002/etc.5620160110 10.1007/BF02987723 10.1007/978-94-015-8520-0 |
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Snippet | During the last 30 years, the increase of the human population in the Amazon introduced the need for additional food production and caused the state government... Pesticide use in nontraditional crop production has increased in the last 30 yr in the Amazon basin of Brazil, as the agricultural sector has sought to keep... |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural production Agriculture - legislation & jurisprudence Agriculture - methods Agrochemicals - adverse effects Agrochemicals - supply & distribution Animals Brazil Environmental assessment Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Exposure - legislation & jurisprudence Environmental Exposure - prevention & control Environmental Monitoring - legislation & jurisprudence Environmental Pollution - adverse effects Environmental Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence Environmental Pollution - prevention & control Environmental risk Farmers Food production Human populations Humans Occupational Health Personal protective equipment Pesticides Pesticides - adverse effects Pesticides - supply & distribution Population Dynamics Protective Clothing Protective equipment Public Health Registration Risk Assessment Sustainable agriculture Traditional farming |
Title | Use and fate of pesticides in the Amazon State, Brazil: risk to human health and the environment |
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