Characterizing multi-pollutant emission impacts of sulfur reduction strategies from coal power plants

Abstract Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to impact multiple emissions together. While there has been extensive research on the co-benefits of climate policies on air quality impr...

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Published inEnvironmental research letters Vol. 19; no. 8; pp. 84009 - 84021
Main Authors Wu, Xinran, Holloway, Tracey, Meier, Paul, Edwards, Morgan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bristol IOP Publishing 01.08.2024
Subjects
Air pollution
Air pollution control
Air pollution effects
Air quality
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Climate change mitigation
Climate policy
Coal
Coal-fired power plants
Combustion
Cost benefit analysis
Costs
Electrical loads
Electricity
Electricity generation
Emission analysis
emission reduction
Emissions
Emissions control
Energy costs
Environmental policy
Flue gas
Fuel combustion
fuel switching
Industrial plant emissions
multi-pollutant
Natural gas
net benefits
Nitrogen oxides
Organic compounds
Outdoor air quality
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Pollutants
Pollution control
Power plants
Renewable energy sources
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Switching
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Abstract Abstract Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to impact multiple emissions together. While there has been extensive research on the co-benefits of climate policies on air quality improvements, few studies have quantified the effect of air pollution controls on carbon emissions. Here we evaluate three multi-pollutant emission reduction strategies, focused on sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) controls in the electricity sector. Traditional ‘add-on’ pollution controls like flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reduce SO 2 emissions from coal combustion but increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) due to heat efficiency loss. Fuel switching from coal to natural gas and renewables potentially reduces all pollutants. We identified 135 electricity generation units (EGUs) without SO 2 controls in the contiguous US in 2017 and quantified the unit-level emission changes using pollution control efficiencies, emission rates, fuel heat input, and electricity load. A cost-benefit analysis is conducted, considering pollution control costs, fuel costs, capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, the monetized health benefits from avoided multi-pollutant, and the social cost of carbon as the benefit for carbon reduction. We find that add-on SO 2 controls result in an average annual net benefit of $179.3 million (95% CI: $137.5-$221.0 million) per EGU, fuel switching from coal to natural gas, $432.7 million (95% CI: $366.4-$498.9 million) per EGU; and fuel switching from coal to renewable energy sources, $537.9 million (95% CI: $457.1-$618.9 million) per EGU. Our results highlight multi-pollutant emission reduction strategy as a cost-effective way to synergistically control air pollution and mitigate climate change.
AbstractList Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to impact multiple emissions together. While there has been extensive research on the co-benefits of climate policies on air quality improvements, few studies have quantified the effect of air pollution controls on carbon emissions. Here we evaluate three multi-pollutant emission reduction strategies, focused on sulfur dioxide (SO2) controls in the electricity sector. Traditional ‘add-on’ pollution controls like flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reduce SO2 emissions from coal combustion but increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and carbon dioxide (CO2) due to heat efficiency loss. Fuel switching from coal to natural gas and renewables potentially reduces all pollutants. We identified 135 electricity generation units (EGUs) without SO2 controls in the contiguous US in 2017 and quantified the unit-level emission changes using pollution control efficiencies, emission rates, fuel heat input, and electricity load. A cost-benefit analysis is conducted, considering pollution control costs, fuel costs, capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, the monetized health benefits from avoided multi-pollutant, and the social cost of carbon as the benefit for carbon reduction. We find that add-on SO2 controls result in an average annual net benefit of $179.3 million (95% CI: $137.5-$221.0 million) per EGU, fuel switching from coal to natural gas, $432.7 million (95% CI: $366.4-$498.9 million) per EGU; and fuel switching from coal to renewable energy sources, $537.9 million (95% CI: $457.1-$618.9 million) per EGU. Our results highlight multi-pollutant emission reduction strategy as a cost-effective way to synergistically control air pollution and mitigate climate change.
Abstract Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to impact multiple emissions together. While there has been extensive research on the co-benefits of climate policies on air quality improvements, few studies have quantified the effect of air pollution controls on carbon emissions. Here we evaluate three multi-pollutant emission reduction strategies, focused on sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) controls in the electricity sector. Traditional ‘add-on’ pollution controls like flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reduce SO 2 emissions from coal combustion but increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) due to heat efficiency loss. Fuel switching from coal to natural gas and renewables potentially reduces all pollutants. We identified 135 electricity generation units (EGUs) without SO 2 controls in the contiguous US in 2017 and quantified the unit-level emission changes using pollution control efficiencies, emission rates, fuel heat input, and electricity load. A cost-benefit analysis is conducted, considering pollution control costs, fuel costs, capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, the monetized health benefits from avoided multi-pollutant, and the social cost of carbon as the benefit for carbon reduction. We find that add-on SO 2 controls result in an average annual net benefit of $179.3 million (95% CI: $137.5-$221.0 million) per EGU, fuel switching from coal to natural gas, $432.7 million (95% CI: $366.4-$498.9 million) per EGU; and fuel switching from coal to renewable energy sources, $537.9 million (95% CI: $457.1-$618.9 million) per EGU. Our results highlight multi-pollutant emission reduction strategy as a cost-effective way to synergistically control air pollution and mitigate climate change.
Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to impact multiple emissions together. While there has been extensive research on the co-benefits of climate policies on air quality improvements, few studies have quantified the effect of air pollution controls on carbon emissions. Here we evaluate three multi-pollutant emission reduction strategies, focused on sulfur dioxide (SO _2 ) controls in the electricity sector. Traditional ‘add-on’ pollution controls like flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reduce SO _2 emissions from coal combustion but increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO _X ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fine particulate matter (PM _2.5 ), and carbon dioxide (CO _2 ) due to heat efficiency loss. Fuel switching from coal to natural gas and renewables potentially reduces all pollutants. We identified 135 electricity generation units (EGUs) without SO _2 controls in the contiguous US in 2017 and quantified the unit-level emission changes using pollution control efficiencies, emission rates, fuel heat input, and electricity load. A cost-benefit analysis is conducted, considering pollution control costs, fuel costs, capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, the monetized health benefits from avoided multi-pollutant, and the social cost of carbon as the benefit for carbon reduction. We find that add-on SO _2 controls result in an average annual net benefit of $179.3 million (95% CI: $137.5-$221.0 million) per EGU, fuel switching from coal to natural gas, $432.7 million (95% CI: $366.4-$498.9 million) per EGU; and fuel switching from coal to renewable energy sources, $537.9 million (95% CI: $457.1-$618.9 million) per EGU. Our results highlight multi-pollutant emission reduction strategy as a cost-effective way to synergistically control air pollution and mitigate climate change.
Author Wu, Xinran
Meier, Paul
Edwards, Morgan
Holloway, Tracey
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  surname: Edwards
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Snippet Abstract Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel...
Fuel combustion for electricity generation emits a mix of health- and climate-relevant air emissions, with the potential for technology or fuel switching to...
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SubjectTerms Air pollution
Air pollution control
Air pollution effects
Air quality
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Climate change mitigation
Climate policy
Coal
Coal-fired power plants
Combustion
Cost benefit analysis
Costs
Electrical loads
Electricity
Electricity generation
Emission analysis
emission reduction
Emissions
Emissions control
Energy costs
Environmental policy
Flue gas
Fuel combustion
fuel switching
Industrial plant emissions
multi-pollutant
Natural gas
net benefits
Nitrogen oxides
Organic compounds
Outdoor air quality
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
Pollutants
Pollution control
Power plants
Renewable energy sources
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Switching
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Title Characterizing multi-pollutant emission impacts of sulfur reduction strategies from coal power plants
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