Evaluation of and Current Trends in the Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Systematic Review
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most common locations. Because no imaging modalities diagnose GIST unequivocally, histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is usual...
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Published in | Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 14; no. 7; p. e26848 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Cureus Inc
14.07.2022
Cureus |
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Abstract | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most common locations. Because no imaging modalities diagnose GIST unequivocally, histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is usually required. Most GISTs are discovered by chance; hence, determining this condition's actual frequency can be challenging. Since diagnosing the tumor could be difficult, including GIST in the differential diagnosis is crucial. The objective of this review is to explore the multiple treatment options for this tumor and provide clinicians with more information on the evolving treatment modalities, which in the future could be a possible solution to cure GIST ultimately. After exploring several studies, the authors conclude that early detection is critical since the treatment depends on the tumor size, mitotic rate, and location. Medical management using targeted therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. Surgical resection of the tumor is also done in cases with localized tumors. Standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not commonly used to treat GIST patients. However, radiotherapy may be used as a palliative therapy to ease pain (such as bone pain) or control bleeding. Additional research is needed to establish potential therapeutic targets that will result in higher and longer-term response rates. |
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AbstractList | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most common locations. Because no imaging modalities diagnose GIST unequivocally, histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is usually required. Most GISTs are discovered by chance; hence, determining this condition's actual frequency can be challenging. Since diagnosing the tumor could be difficult, including GIST in the differential diagnosis is crucial. The objective of this review is to explore the multiple treatment options for this tumor and provide clinicians with more information on the evolving treatment modalities, which in the future could be a possible solution to cure GIST ultimately. After exploring several studies, the authors conclude that early detection is critical since the treatment depends on the tumor size, mitotic rate, and location. Medical management using targeted therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. Surgical resection of the tumor is also done in cases with localized tumors. Standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not commonly used to treat GIST patients. However, radiotherapy may be used as a palliative therapy to ease pain (such as bone pain) or control bleeding. Additional research is needed to establish potential therapeutic targets that will result in higher and longer-term response rates. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most common locations. Because no imaging modalities diagnose GIST unequivocally, histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is usually required. Most GISTs are discovered by chance; hence, determining this condition's actual frequency can be challenging. Since diagnosing the tumor could be difficult, including GIST in the differential diagnosis is crucial. The objective of this review is to explore the multiple treatment options for this tumor and provide clinicians with more information on the evolving treatment modalities, which in the future could be a possible solution to cure GIST ultimately. After exploring several studies, the authors conclude that early detection is critical since the treatment depends on the tumor size, mitotic rate, and location. Medical management using targeted therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. Surgical resection of the tumor is also done in cases with localized tumors. Standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not commonly used to treat GIST patients. However, radiotherapy may be used as a palliative therapy to ease pain (such as bone pain) or control bleeding. Additional research is needed to establish potential therapeutic targets that will result in higher and longer-term response rates.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the most common locations. Because no imaging modalities diagnose GIST unequivocally, histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is usually required. Most GISTs are discovered by chance; hence, determining this condition's actual frequency can be challenging. Since diagnosing the tumor could be difficult, including GIST in the differential diagnosis is crucial. The objective of this review is to explore the multiple treatment options for this tumor and provide clinicians with more information on the evolving treatment modalities, which in the future could be a possible solution to cure GIST ultimately. After exploring several studies, the authors conclude that early detection is critical since the treatment depends on the tumor size, mitotic rate, and location. Medical management using targeted therapy approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. Surgical resection of the tumor is also done in cases with localized tumors. Standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not commonly used to treat GIST patients. However, radiotherapy may be used as a palliative therapy to ease pain (such as bone pain) or control bleeding. Additional research is needed to establish potential therapeutic targets that will result in higher and longer-term response rates. |
Author | Thomas, Siji S Kuta, Amber Sandoval, Stephanie Srinivasan, Mirra Arzoun, Hadia Adam, Mona |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA 2 Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA 3 Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro , USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA – name: 3 Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro , USA – name: 1 Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hadia surname: Arzoun fullname: Arzoun, Hadia organization: Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Mirra surname: Srinivasan fullname: Srinivasan, Mirra organization: Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Mona surname: Adam fullname: Adam, Mona organization: Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Siji S surname: Thomas fullname: Thomas, Siji S organization: Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Amber surname: Kuta fullname: Kuta, Amber organization: Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Stephanie surname: Sandoval fullname: Sandoval, Stephanie organization: Internal Medicine, St. Bernards Medical Center, Jonesboro , USA |
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SubjectTerms | Ablation Cancer Drug therapy Endoscopy Gastrointestinal cancer Growth factors Inhibitor drugs Internal Medicine Intestinal obstruction Keywords Medical prognosis Metastasis Mutation Oncology Patients Radiation therapy Sarcoma Small intestine Surgery Systematic review Targeted cancer therapy Therapeutics Tumors Ultrasonic imaging |
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Title | Evaluation of and Current Trends in the Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Systematic Review |
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