Attention and behavioral control skills in Iranian school children

This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were...

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Published inAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorders Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 263 - 270
Main Authors Kiani, Behnaz, Hadianfard, Habib, Mitchell, John T.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Vienna Springer Vienna 01.09.2019
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ISSN1866-6116
1866-6647
1866-6647
DOI10.1007/s12402-019-00289-5

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Abstract This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were divided into strong, moderate, and weak groups based on parental ratings of attention and behavioral control skills on the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptom and normal behavior rating scale (SWAN). In addition, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales (PedsQL 4.0), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and the Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent report (WFIRS-P). The strong group generally showed better quality of life than the weak group. The strong group was better than the moderate group, and the moderate group was better than the weak group on school functioning. The weak group had more conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and less prosocial behavior than the moderate group and the strong group. The moderate group had more hyperactivity/inattention than the strong group. The weak group showed more impairment than the moderate group and the strong group on all subscales and the total scale of the WFIRS-P. The quality of life, behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment can be different in children based on their attention and behavioral control skills.
AbstractList This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were divided into strong, moderate, and weak groups based on parental ratings of attention and behavioral control skills on the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptom and normal behavior rating scale (SWAN). In addition, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales (PedsQL 4.0), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and the Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent report (WFIRS-P). The strong group generally showed better quality of life than the weak group. The strong group was better than the moderate group, and the moderate group was better than the weak group on school functioning. The weak group had more conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and less prosocial behavior than the moderate group and the strong group. The moderate group had more hyperactivity/inattention than the strong group. The weak group showed more impairment than the moderate group and the strong group on all subscales and the total scale of the WFIRS-P. The quality of life, behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment can be different in children based on their attention and behavioral control skills.
This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were divided into strong, moderate, and weak groups based on parental ratings of attention and behavioral control skills on the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptom and normal behavior rating scale (SWAN). In addition, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales (PedsQL 4.0), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and the Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent report (WFIRS-P). The strong group generally showed better quality of life than the weak group. The strong group was better than the moderate group, and the moderate group was better than the weak group on school functioning. The weak group had more conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and less prosocial behavior than the moderate group and the strong group. The moderate group had more hyperactivity/inattention than the strong group. The weak group showed more impairment than the moderate group and the strong group on all subscales and the total scale of the WFIRS-P. The quality of life, behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment can be different in children based on their attention and behavioral control skills.This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on their attention and behavioral control skills. The sample consisted of 280 male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were divided into strong, moderate, and weak groups based on parental ratings of attention and behavioral control skills on the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptom and normal behavior rating scale (SWAN). In addition, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales (PedsQL 4.0), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and the Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent report (WFIRS-P). The strong group generally showed better quality of life than the weak group. The strong group was better than the moderate group, and the moderate group was better than the weak group on school functioning. The weak group had more conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention and less prosocial behavior than the moderate group and the strong group. The moderate group had more hyperactivity/inattention than the strong group. The weak group showed more impairment than the moderate group and the strong group on all subscales and the total scale of the WFIRS-P. The quality of life, behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment can be different in children based on their attention and behavioral control skills.
Author Hadianfard, Habib
Kiani, Behnaz
Mitchell, John T.
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10.1037/0894-4105.21.1.45
10.1111/jcpp.12786
10.1177/0013164402062002002
10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.09.021
10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.040
10.1136/ebmental-2018-300025
10.1177/1087054711430711
10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006
10.1016/j.nmd.2009.09.009
10.2337/dc07-2021
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02511.x
10.1080/10705519909540118
10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
10.1177/1087054711427399
10.1186/s12955-018-1053-1
10.1177/1087054711413550
10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8
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Keywords Attention and behavioral control skills
Functional impairment
Emotional and behavioral problems
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References LakesKDSwansonJMRiggsMThe reliability and validity of the English and Spanish strengths and weaknesses of ADHD and normal behavior rating scales in a preschool sampleJ Atten Disord20111651051610.1177/1087054711413550218079553575190
GoldsteinSLGrahamNWaradyBAMeasuring health-related quality of life in children with ESRD: performance of the generic and ESRD-specific instrument of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL)Am J Kidney Dis20085128529710.1053/j.ajkd.2007.09.02118215706
RutterMNikapotaARutterMTaylorECulture, ethnicity, society and psychopathologyChild and adolescent psychiatry2002OxfordBlackwell Publications277286
American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders20135Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
SwansonJMSchuckSPorterMMCategorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: history of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scalesInt J Educ Psychol Assess2012105170265046174618695
American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV)19944Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Publishing
PenningtonBFThe development of psychopathology: nature and nurture2002New YorkGuilford
ArnettABPenningtonBFFriendAWillcuttEGByrneBSamuelssonSOlsonRKThe SWAN captures variance at the negative and positive ends of the ADHD symptom dimensionJ Atten Disord20131715216210.1177/108705471142739922173148
VarniJWLimbersCABurwinkleTMBryantWPWilsonDPThe ePedsQLTM in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ internet administrationDiabetes Care20083167267710.2337/dc07-202118184893
GeorgeDMalleryPSPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update20034BostonAllyn & Bacon
KianiBHadianfardHPsychometric properties of a persian self-report version of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (version IV) for screening attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescentsIran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol201621317326
BarkleyRMurphyKAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a clinical workbook19982New YorkGuilford
LaiKYCLeungPWLLukESLWongASYLawLSCHoKKYValidation of the Chinese strengths and weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and normal-behaviors questionnaire in Hong KongJ Atten Disord20111719420210.1177/108705471143071122210800
CoghillDSonuga-BarkeEJSAnnual research review: categories versus dimensions in the classification and conceptualisation of child and adolescent mental disorders—implications of recent empirical studyJ Child Psychol Psychiatry20125346948910.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02511.x22288576
AmiriPEslamianGMirmiranPShivaNJafarabadiMAziziFValidity and reliability of the Iranian version of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales in childrenHealth Qual Life Outcomes201210310.1186/1477-7525-10-3222217653311062
FrazierTWYoungstromEANaugleRIThe latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic referred sampleNeuropsychology200721456410.1037/0894-4105.21.1.4517201529
HuberMvan VlietMGiezenbergMWinkensBHeerkensYDagneliePCKnottnerusJATowards a “patient-centred” operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods studyBMJ Open20166e01009110.1136/bmjopen-2015-0100911:STN:280:DC%2BC28rpvVSltA%3D%3D267582674716212
VarniJWSeidMKurtinPSPedsQL™ 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populationsMed Care20013980081210.1097/00005650-200108000-000061:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvitVGgtw%3D%3D11468499
BentlerPMComparative fit indexes in structural modelsPsychol Bull199010723824610.1037/0033-2909.107.2.2381:STN:280:DyaK3c3gslGlsg%3D%3D2320703
WillcuttEGThe prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic reviewNeurotherapeutics2012949049910.1007/s13311-012-0135-8229766153441936
BrowneMWCudeckRBollenKALongJSAlternative ways of assessing model fitTesting structural equation models1993Newbury ParkSage136162
GoodmanRThe strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research noteJ Child Psychol Psychiatry19973858158610.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x1:STN:280:DyaK2szpvFKjsA%3D%3D92557029255702
WeissMDMcBrideNMCraigSJensenPConceptual review of measuring functional impairment: findings from the Weiss functional impairment rating scaleEvid Based Ment Health20182115516410.1136/ebmental-2018-300025303149906241626
HayDABennettKSLevyFSergeantJSwansonJA twin study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensions rated by the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and normal-behavior (SWAN) scaleBiol Psychiatry20076170070510.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.04016962074
IannacconeSTHynanLSMortonABuchananRLimbersCAVarniJWThe PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ generic core scales and neuromuscular moduleNeuromuscul Disord20091980581210.1016/j.nmd.2009.09.009198463092796341
HuLTBentlerPMCutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternativesStruct Equ Model1999615510.1080/10705519909540118
HubertyCJA history of effect size indicesEduc Psychol Meas20026222724010.1177/0013164402062002002
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KianiBHadianfardHWeissMDDescriptive and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Weiss functional impairment rating scale: parent report form in Iranian childrenHealth Qual Life Outcomes201810.1186/s12955-018-1053-1305266256286533
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SL Goldstein (289_CR10) 2008; 51
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DA Hay (289_CR13) 2007; 61
R Barkley (289_CR4) 1998
CJ Huberty (289_CR16) 2002; 62
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D George (289_CR9) 2003
AB Arnett (289_CR3) 2013; 17
CU Greven (289_CR12) 2018; 59
LT Hu (289_CR14) 1999; 6
JW Varni (289_CR27) 2001; 39
EG Willcutt (289_CR31) 2012; 9
P Amiri (289_CR2) 2012; 10
B Kiani (289_CR18) 2016; 21
TW Frazier (289_CR8) 2007; 21
MW Browne (289_CR6) 1993
PM Bentler (289_CR5) 1990; 107
American Psychiatric Association (289_CR900) 1994
KD Lakes (289_CR21) 2011; 16
M Huber (289_CR15) 2016; 6
KYC Lai (289_CR20) 2011; 17
D Coghill (289_CR7) 2012; 53
BF Pennington (289_CR22) 2002
289_CR29
ST Iannaccone (289_CR17) 2009; 19
JM Swanson (289_CR25) 2012; 10
B Kiani (289_CR19) 2018
R Goodman (289_CR11) 1997; 38
References_xml – reference: GoodmanRThe strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research noteJ Child Psychol Psychiatry19973858158610.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x1:STN:280:DyaK2szpvFKjsA%3D%3D92557029255702
– reference: WillcuttEGThe prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic reviewNeurotherapeutics2012949049910.1007/s13311-012-0135-8229766153441936
– reference: SwansonJMSchuckSPorterMMCategorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: history of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scalesInt J Educ Psychol Assess2012105170265046174618695
– reference: VarniJWLimbersCABurwinkleTMBryantWPWilsonDPThe ePedsQLTM in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ internet administrationDiabetes Care20083167267710.2337/dc07-202118184893
– reference: American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV)19944Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Publishing
– reference: FrazierTWYoungstromEANaugleRIThe latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic referred sampleNeuropsychology200721456410.1037/0894-4105.21.1.4517201529
– reference: ArnettABPenningtonBFFriendAWillcuttEGByrneBSamuelssonSOlsonRKThe SWAN captures variance at the negative and positive ends of the ADHD symptom dimensionJ Atten Disord20131715216210.1177/108705471142739922173148
– reference: CoghillDSonuga-BarkeEJSAnnual research review: categories versus dimensions in the classification and conceptualisation of child and adolescent mental disorders—implications of recent empirical studyJ Child Psychol Psychiatry20125346948910.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02511.x22288576
– reference: GeorgeDMalleryPSPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update20034BostonAllyn & Bacon
– reference: BarkleyRMurphyKAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a clinical workbook19982New YorkGuilford
– reference: VarniJWSeidMKurtinPSPedsQL™ 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populationsMed Care20013980081210.1097/00005650-200108000-000061:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvitVGgtw%3D%3D11468499
– reference: American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders20135Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Association10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
– reference: KianiBHadianfardHWeissMDDescriptive and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Weiss functional impairment rating scale: parent report form in Iranian childrenHealth Qual Life Outcomes201810.1186/s12955-018-1053-1305266256286533
– reference: LakesKDSwansonJMRiggsMThe reliability and validity of the English and Spanish strengths and weaknesses of ADHD and normal behavior rating scales in a preschool sampleJ Atten Disord20111651051610.1177/1087054711413550218079553575190
– reference: KianiBHadianfardHPsychometric properties of a persian self-report version of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (version IV) for screening attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescentsIran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol201621317326
– reference: HuberMvan VlietMGiezenbergMWinkensBHeerkensYDagneliePCKnottnerusJATowards a “patient-centred” operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods studyBMJ Open20166e01009110.1136/bmjopen-2015-0100911:STN:280:DC%2BC28rpvVSltA%3D%3D267582674716212
– reference: AmiriPEslamianGMirmiranPShivaNJafarabadiMAziziFValidity and reliability of the Iranian version of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) generic core scales in childrenHealth Qual Life Outcomes201210310.1186/1477-7525-10-3222217653311062
– reference: BrowneMWCudeckRBollenKALongJSAlternative ways of assessing model fitTesting structural equation models1993Newbury ParkSage136162
– reference: HayDABennettKSLevyFSergeantJSwansonJA twin study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensions rated by the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and normal-behavior (SWAN) scaleBiol Psychiatry20076170070510.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.04016962074
– reference: GrevenCUBuitelaarJKSalumGAFrom positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderJ Child Psychol Psychiatry20185920321210.1111/jcpp.1278628731214
– reference: RutterMNikapotaARutterMTaylorECulture, ethnicity, society and psychopathologyChild and adolescent psychiatry2002OxfordBlackwell Publications277286
– reference: WeissMDMcBrideNMCraigSJensenPConceptual review of measuring functional impairment: findings from the Weiss functional impairment rating scaleEvid Based Ment Health20182115516410.1136/ebmental-2018-300025303149906241626
– reference: LaiKYCLeungPWLLukESLWongASYLawLSCHoKKYValidation of the Chinese strengths and weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and normal-behaviors questionnaire in Hong KongJ Atten Disord20111719420210.1177/108705471143071122210800
– reference: HuLTBentlerPMCutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternativesStruct Equ Model1999615510.1080/10705519909540118
– reference: IannacconeSTHynanLSMortonABuchananRLimbersCAVarniJWThe PedsQL™ in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ generic core scales and neuromuscular moduleNeuromuscul Disord20091980581210.1016/j.nmd.2009.09.009198463092796341
– reference: GoldsteinSLGrahamNWaradyBAMeasuring health-related quality of life in children with ESRD: performance of the generic and ESRD-specific instrument of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL)Am J Kidney Dis20085128529710.1053/j.ajkd.2007.09.02118215706
– reference: HubertyCJA history of effect size indicesEduc Psychol Meas20026222724010.1177/0013164402062002002
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Snippet This study assessed quality of life, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and functional impairment in a sample of Iranian children based on...
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SubjectTerms Attention
Child
Educational Status
Female
Humans
Iran
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Original Article
Parents - psychology
Problem Behavior - psychology
Psychiatry
Quality of Life
Social Behavior
Students - psychology
Title Attention and behavioral control skills in Iranian school children
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12402-019-00289-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30739285
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2229094381
Volume 11
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