The attributable mortality, length of stay, and health care costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Singapore
•We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.•Across the MRSA types, pneumonia and bacteremia had the highest mortality risks.•MRSA infection increased the length of stay by almost 4 days compared with no MRSA.•E...
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Published in | IJID regions Vol. 12; p. 100427 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.09.2024
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Abstract | •We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.•Across the MRSA types, pneumonia and bacteremia had the highest mortality risks.•MRSA infection increased the length of stay by almost 4 days compared with no MRSA.•Each MRSA infection resulted in an excess cost of Singapore dollar (SGD) $3200 from a hospital perspective.
We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.
We conducted a retrospective study in a hospital in Singapore from 2018 to 2022. Patients with MRSA infections were matched 1:1:3 to patients with MRSA colonization and patients without MRSA by age, gender, specialty, and intensive care admission, respectively. A multi-state model was used to derive excess LOS and mortality hazard ratios. The attributable cost of infections was estimated in 2022 Singapore dollars (SGDs) from the health care perspective.
We matched 536 patients with MRSA infections to 536 patients with MRSA colonization, and to 1608 patients without MRSA. The excess LOS due to MRSA infection was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.17) days compared with MRSA colonization and 3.75 (95% CI 3.69-3.80) days compared with no MRSA, which translated to an excess cost of SGD $1825 and SGD $3238, respectively. Of the different MRSA infection types, pneumonia had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 4.13; 95% CI 2.28-7.50) compared with patients without MRSA.
MRSA infections increased hospital LOS and health care costs in Singapore. Our estimates can inform future economic analyses of management strategies against MRSA. |
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AbstractList | •We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.•Across the MRSA types, pneumonia and bacteremia had the highest mortality risks.•MRSA infection increased the length of stay by almost 4 days compared with no MRSA.•Each MRSA infection resulted in an excess cost of Singapore dollar (SGD) $3200 from a hospital perspective.
We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.
We conducted a retrospective study in a hospital in Singapore from 2018 to 2022. Patients with MRSA infections were matched 1:1:3 to patients with MRSA colonization and patients without MRSA by age, gender, specialty, and intensive care admission, respectively. A multi-state model was used to derive excess LOS and mortality hazard ratios. The attributable cost of infections was estimated in 2022 Singapore dollars (SGDs) from the health care perspective.
We matched 536 patients with MRSA infections to 536 patients with MRSA colonization, and to 1608 patients without MRSA. The excess LOS due to MRSA infection was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.17) days compared with MRSA colonization and 3.75 (95% CI 3.69-3.80) days compared with no MRSA, which translated to an excess cost of SGD $1825 and SGD $3238, respectively. Of the different MRSA infection types, pneumonia had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 4.13; 95% CI 2.28-7.50) compared with patients without MRSA.
MRSA infections increased hospital LOS and health care costs in Singapore. Our estimates can inform future economic analyses of management strategies against MRSA. • We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore. • Across the MRSA types, pneumonia and bacteremia had the highest mortality risks. • MRSA infection increased the length of stay by almost 4 days compared with no MRSA. • Each MRSA infection resulted in an excess cost of Singapore dollar (SGD) $3200 from a hospital perspective. We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.ObjectivesWe used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.We conducted a retrospective study in a hospital in Singapore from 2018 to 2022. Patients with MRSA infections were matched 1:1:3 to patients with MRSA colonization and patients without MRSA by age, gender, specialty, and intensive care admission, respectively. A multi-state model was used to derive excess LOS and mortality hazard ratios. The attributable cost of infections was estimated in 2022 Singapore dollars (SGDs) from the health care perspective.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in a hospital in Singapore from 2018 to 2022. Patients with MRSA infections were matched 1:1:3 to patients with MRSA colonization and patients without MRSA by age, gender, specialty, and intensive care admission, respectively. A multi-state model was used to derive excess LOS and mortality hazard ratios. The attributable cost of infections was estimated in 2022 Singapore dollars (SGDs) from the health care perspective.We matched 536 patients with MRSA infections to 536 patients with MRSA colonization, and to 1608 patients without MRSA. The excess LOS due to MRSA infection was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.17) days compared with MRSA colonization and 3.75 (95% CI 3.69-3.80) days compared with no MRSA, which translated to an excess cost of SGD $1825 and SGD $3238, respectively. Of the different MRSA infection types, pneumonia had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 4.13; 95% CI 2.28-7.50) compared with patients without MRSA.ResultsWe matched 536 patients with MRSA infections to 536 patients with MRSA colonization, and to 1608 patients without MRSA. The excess LOS due to MRSA infection was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.17) days compared with MRSA colonization and 3.75 (95% CI 3.69-3.80) days compared with no MRSA, which translated to an excess cost of SGD $1825 and SGD $3238, respectively. Of the different MRSA infection types, pneumonia had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 4.13; 95% CI 2.28-7.50) compared with patients without MRSA.MRSA infections increased hospital LOS and health care costs in Singapore. Our estimates can inform future economic analyses of management strategies against MRSA.ConclusionsMRSA infections increased hospital LOS and health care costs in Singapore. Our estimates can inform future economic analyses of management strategies against MRSA. We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections in Singapore. We conducted a retrospective study in a hospital in Singapore from 2018 to 2022. Patients with MRSA infections were matched 1:1:3 to patients with MRSA colonization and patients without MRSA by age, gender, specialty, and intensive care admission, respectively. A multi-state model was used to derive excess LOS and mortality hazard ratios. The attributable cost of infections was estimated in 2022 Singapore dollars (SGDs) from the health care perspective. We matched 536 patients with MRSA infections to 536 patients with MRSA colonization, and to 1608 patients without MRSA. The excess LOS due to MRSA infection was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05-2.17) days compared with MRSA colonization and 3.75 (95% CI 3.69-3.80) days compared with no MRSA, which translated to an excess cost of SGD $1825 and SGD $3238, respectively. Of the different MRSA infection types, pneumonia had the highest mortality risk (hazard ratio 4.13; 95% CI 2.28-7.50) compared with patients without MRSA. MRSA infections increased hospital LOS and health care costs in Singapore. Our estimates can inform future economic analyses of management strategies against MRSA. |
ArticleNumber | 100427 |
Author | Tiang, Daniel C. Cai, Yiying Nazeha, Nuraini Whiteley, Sean Arora, Shalvi Venkatachalam, Indumathi Neo, Siow Leng Sim, Jean X.Y. Chow, Weien Hong, Weiwei Philip, Edwin C. Graves, Nicholas |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yiying surname: Cai fullname: Cai, Yiying organization: Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Edwin C. surname: Philip fullname: Philip, Edwin C. organization: Department of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Shalvi orcidid: 0000-0001-7687-9507 surname: Arora fullname: Arora, Shalvi organization: Department of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Jean X.Y. orcidid: 0000-0002-9861-2333 surname: Sim fullname: Sim, Jean X.Y. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Weien surname: Chow fullname: Chow, Weien organization: Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Nuraini surname: Nazeha fullname: Nazeha, Nuraini organization: Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Sean surname: Whiteley fullname: Whiteley, Sean organization: AxoMem Pte Ltd, Singapore – sequence: 8 givenname: Daniel C. surname: Tiang fullname: Tiang, Daniel C. organization: Office for Service Transformation, SingHealth, Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Siow Leng surname: Neo fullname: Neo, Siow Leng organization: Office of Digital Strategy, SingHealth, Singapore – sequence: 10 givenname: Weiwei surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Weiwei organization: Office for Service Transformation, SingHealth, Singapore – sequence: 11 givenname: Indumathi surname: Venkatachalam fullname: Venkatachalam, Indumathi organization: Department of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 12 givenname: Nicholas surname: Graves fullname: Graves, Nicholas email: n.graves@duke-nus.edu.sg organization: Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.008 10.1086/498518 10.1093/cid/cix103 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.33.30319 10.1086/501600 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.03.006 10.1086/651110 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.10.016 10.1086/502228 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V37N10p891 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001311 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.025 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.04.010 10.1371/journal.pone.0271739 10.1017/ice.2021.165 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.02.007 10.1001/jama.298.15.1763 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.019 10.1093/epirev/mxab001 10.1093/cid/ciaa1228 10.18637/jss.v038.i04 10.1093/cid/cix072 10.11622/smedj.2016158 10.1086/676437 |
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Keywords | Healthcare costs Multi-state model Nosocomial infections |
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Snippet | •We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore.•Across the MRSA types,... We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant (MRSA)... We used a multi-state model, which mitigates time-dependent bias, to estimate the mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs of methicillin-resistant... • We used a multi-state model to determine the outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Singapore. • Across the MRSA types,... |
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SubjectTerms | Healthcare costs Multi-state model Nosocomial infections Original Report |
Title | The attributable mortality, length of stay, and health care costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Singapore |
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