Routing protocols in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs): A comprehensive survey

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are pivotal for realizing smart cities’ vision due to their rich services in road traffic safety, surveillance, traffic control, and traffic monitoring. However, vehicle links are subject to frequent disconnections due to high mobility, sparse connectivity, road-si...

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Published in	Internet of things (Amsterdam. Online) Vol. 23; p. 100837
Main Authors	Sohail, Muhammad, Latif, Zohaib, Javed, Shahzeb, Biswas, Sujit, Ajmal, Sahar, Iqbal, Umer, Raza, Mohsin, Khan, Abd Ullah
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier B.V 01.10.2023
Subjects	Anycast based protocols Broadcast based protocols Internet of vehicles Multicast based protocols Position based protocols Routing protocols Topology based protocols VANET Multicast based protocols Topology based protocols Position based protocols Internet of vehicles Broadcast based protocols VANET Anycast based protocols Routing protocols
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	2542-6605 2542-6605
DOI	10.1016/j.iot.2023.100837

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Abstract	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are pivotal for realizing smart cities’ vision due to their rich services in road traffic safety, surveillance, traffic control, and traffic monitoring. However, vehicle links are subject to frequent disconnections due to high mobility, sparse connectivity, road-side obstacles, and a shortage of roadside units. For this purpose, various routing protocols have been proposed in the literature leveraging the network’s topology, the vehicles’ positions, and the message dissemination mechanism, i.e., unicast, multicast, broadcast, etc. This paper comprehensively surveys the VANETs routing protocols and analyzes their working principles, architecture, and application areas. Additionally, it presents a taxonomy and a systematic classification of these protocols based on various performance metrics. Furthermore, it presents a critical comparison of these routing protocols according to different criteria, identifies critical shortcomings in each protocol type, and outlines new directions and recent trends in the design of routing protocols.
AbstractList	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are pivotal for realizing smart cities’ vision due to their rich services in road traffic safety, surveillance, traffic control, and traffic monitoring. However, vehicle links are subject to frequent disconnections due to high mobility, sparse connectivity, road-side obstacles, and a shortage of roadside units. For this purpose, various routing protocols have been proposed in the literature leveraging the network’s topology, the vehicles’ positions, and the message dissemination mechanism, i.e., unicast, multicast, broadcast, etc. This paper comprehensively surveys the VANETs routing protocols and analyzes their working principles, architecture, and application areas. Additionally, it presents a taxonomy and a systematic classification of these protocols based on various performance metrics. Furthermore, it presents a critical comparison of these routing protocols according to different criteria, identifies critical shortcomings in each protocol type, and outlines new directions and recent trends in the design of routing protocols.
ArticleNumber	100837
Author	Latif, Zohaib Ajmal, Sahar Javed, Shahzeb Raza, Mohsin Khan, Abd Ullah Sohail, Muhammad Iqbal, Umer Biswas, Sujit
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Muhammad surname: Sohail fullname: Sohail, Muhammad email: sohail17905@gmail.com organization: Riphah College of Computing, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan – sequence: 2 givenname: Zohaib orcidid: 0000-0002-5373-8063 surname: Latif fullname: Latif, Zohaib email: latif.zohaib@nu.edu.kz organization: Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan – sequence: 3 givenname: Shahzeb surname: Javed fullname: Javed, Shahzeb email: shahzeb.javed@nu.edu.kz organization: Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan – sequence: 4 givenname: Sujit surname: Biswas fullname: Biswas, Sujit email: s.biswas3@uel.ac.uk organization: Computer Science and Digital Technologies Department, University of East London, London, E16 2RD, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Sahar surname: Ajmal fullname: Ajmal, Sahar email: sahar.ajmal@nu.edu.pk organization: Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan – sequence: 6 givenname: Umer surname: Iqbal fullname: Iqbal, Umer email: iqbal.umer@nu.edu.pk organization: Department of Software Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Chiniot-Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan – sequence: 7 givenname: Mohsin surname: Raza fullname: Raza, Mohsin email: mjafari@nbc.nust.edu.pk organization: Department of Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Balochistan Campus, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan – sequence: 8 givenname: Abd Ullah surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Abd Ullah email: abdullah@nbc.nust.edu.pk organization: Department of Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Balochistan Campus, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
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Keywords	Multicast based protocols Topology based protocols Position based protocols Internet of vehicles Broadcast based protocols VANET Anycast based protocols Routing protocols
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Snippet	Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are pivotal for realizing smart cities’ vision due to their rich services in road traffic safety, surveillance, traffic...
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SubjectTerms	Anycast based protocols Broadcast based protocols Internet of vehicles Multicast based protocols Position based protocols Routing protocols Topology based protocols VANET
Title	Routing protocols in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs): A comprehensive survey
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