Localised human thermal discomfort assessment using high temporal resolution meteorological data: A case of University of Zimbabwe
This study investigated the thermal discomfort patterns at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare, Zimbabwe; paying attention to the outdoor and indoor seasonal and diurnal variations. Temperature and relative humidity data from an automatic weather station located in the study area was incorporated i...
Saved in:
| Published in | Physics and chemistry of the earth. Parts A/B/C Vol. 110; pp. 138 - 148 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | This study investigated the thermal discomfort patterns at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare, Zimbabwe; paying attention to the outdoor and indoor seasonal and diurnal variations. Temperature and relative humidity data from an automatic weather station located in the study area was incorporated into the temperature humidity index to retrieve outdoor human thermal discomfort patterns. Based on data availability, air temperature and humidity hourly data for the period 2014 to 2018 was used. The indoor human thermal discomfort patterns were then obtained using the linear relationship between outdoor temperatures and indoor comfort. The results show that there were only an average of 31 days per year of indoor thermal discomfort days in the hot and rainy seasons. There were on average 303 days in which at least half of the subjects felt thermally comfortable outdoors yearly. Throughout the whole year there were no heat stresses, 62 days of cold stress outdoors, and 334 days of cold stress indoors. The hot season was found to be the most thermally comfortable with 25% and 33% of thermally comfortable hours per day indoors and outdoors, respectively. It was concluded that subjects were mostly comfortable in the afternoon both indoors and outdoors. The study recommended that as more data is collected, future researchers should consider a longer period for analysis. The findings of this study are important for understanding, modelling and monitoring human thermal comfort/discomfort at learning institutions, work places and other environments. Such information can be used for making building guidelines on including systems like air conditioning units in response to climate change and increased variability.
•Discomfort indices were retrieved from high resolution meteorological data.•Winter indoor and outdoor conditions were below human comfort threshold.•Hot seasons were generally not comfortable outdoors due to high temperatures.•Hot seasons were comfortable indoors during the afternoon.•University located in a cool part of Harare, Zimbabwe. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This study investigated the thermal discomfort patterns at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare, Zimbabwe; paying attention to the outdoor and indoor seasonal and diurnal variations. Temperature and relative humidity data from an automatic weather station located in the study area was incorporated into the temperature humidity index to retrieve outdoor human thermal discomfort patterns. Based on data availability, air temperature and humidity hourly data for the period 2014 to 2018 was used. The indoor human thermal discomfort patterns were then obtained using the linear relationship between outdoor temperatures and indoor comfort. The results show that there were only an average of 31 days per year of indoor thermal discomfort days in the hot and rainy seasons. There were on average 303 days in which at least half of the subjects felt thermally comfortable outdoors yearly. Throughout the whole year there were no heat stresses, 62 days of cold stress outdoors, and 334 days of cold stress indoors. The hot season was found to be the most thermally comfortable with 25% and 33% of thermally comfortable hours per day indoors and outdoors, respectively. It was concluded that subjects were mostly comfortable in the afternoon both indoors and outdoors. The study recommended that as more data is collected, future researchers should consider a longer period for analysis. The findings of this study are important for understanding, modelling and monitoring human thermal comfort/discomfort at learning institutions, work places and other environments. Such information can be used for making building guidelines on including systems like air conditioning units in response to climate change and increased variability.
•Discomfort indices were retrieved from high resolution meteorological data.•Winter indoor and outdoor conditions were below human comfort threshold.•Hot seasons were generally not comfortable outdoors due to high temperatures.•Hot seasons were comfortable indoors during the afternoon.•University located in a cool part of Harare, Zimbabwe. |
| Author | Mhizha, Tedious Manjowe, Moven Rousta, Iman Mutasa, Collen Muroyiwa, Godfrey Mushore, Terence Darlington Chimuti, Brandon Mashonjowa, Emmanuel Gwenzi, Juliet |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Terence Darlington orcidid: 0000-0003-4279-8877 surname: Mushore fullname: Mushore, Terence Darlington email: tdmushore@science.uz.ac.zw, tdmushore@gmail.com organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 2 givenname: Brandon surname: Chimuti fullname: Chimuti, Brandon organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 3 givenname: Juliet orcidid: 0000-0001-6499-2393 surname: Gwenzi fullname: Gwenzi, Juliet organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 4 givenname: Moven surname: Manjowe fullname: Manjowe, Moven organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 5 givenname: Collen surname: Mutasa fullname: Mutasa, Collen organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 6 givenname: Emmanuel orcidid: 0000-0002-8293-6632 surname: Mashonjowa fullname: Mashonjowa, Emmanuel organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 7 givenname: Tedious surname: Mhizha fullname: Mhizha, Tedious organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 8 givenname: Godfrey surname: Muroyiwa fullname: Muroyiwa, Godfrey organization: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 9 givenname: Iman orcidid: 0000-0002-3694-6936 surname: Rousta fullname: Rousta, Iman organization: Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, 8915818411, Iran |
| BookMark | eNp9kM1qwzAQhEVJoUnaB-hNL2BX8p_s9hRC_yDQS3rpRcjrdaxgWUFSUnLtk9cmPRcGdhd2huFbkNlgByTknrOYM1487OMDYJwwXsWMj2JXZM5LkUY5r9LZuGciiwQr8huy8H7PGBc8y-bkZ2NB9dpjQ7ujUQMNHTqjetpoD9a01gWqvEfvDQ6BHr0edrTTu44GNAfrxk-H3vbHoO1ADQa0zvZ2p2HKUEE90hUF5ZHaln4O-oTO63Ceri9talV_4y25blXv8e5vLsn25Xm7fos2H6_v69UmgqQSIUpB5XlWJTUy0UJZAqAoVAN1AiXDTEGqGiGAgchb5EmepqIsqrwsi7LAok6XhF9iwVnvHbby4LRR7iw5kxNDuZcjQzkxlIyPYqPn6eLBsddJo5MeNA6AjXYIQTZW_-P-BVZuf08 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2019_106614 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00024_021_02765_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13179966 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.12.003 10.1007/BF02125643 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.056 10.3390/ijerph110100952 10.1007/s00484-011-0453-2 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.006 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.04.003 10.1177/095624789400600116 10.1007/978-1-4020-6877-5_10 10.4236/ars.2013.24035 10.1080/15239080701652615 10.1080/17512549.2015.1014845 10.1016/j.jag.2012.01.026 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.11.006 10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.014 10.2486/indhealth.2012-0163 10.2486/indhealth.44.368 10.1002/joc.2231 10.1080/03736245.2017.1339630 10.1080/09613217808550656 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.021 10.1080/00431672.1959.9926960 10.1080/17512549.2014.890536 10.2495/SC130551 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.04.005 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X 10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.034 10.1590/0102-778620140149 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.011 10.3354/cr006137 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064016 10.1017/S0022172400018167 10.1080/00038628.2011.613646 10.1186/1478-7954-8-17 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00032-2 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0784:TDCITT>2.0.CO;2 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.09.067 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.09.005 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.09.009 10.1007/s00484-013-0652-0 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.008 10.1080/17508975.2015.1011071 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Geology |
| EISSN | 1873-5193 |
| EndPage | 148 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_pce_2019_01_010 S1474706518302390 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29O 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAXUO ABJNI ABMAC ABQEM ABQYD ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACLVX ACRLP ACSBN ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ATOGT AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE IMUCA J1W KOM M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 PC. Q38 RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSE SSZ T5K XPP ZMT ~02 ~G- AAXKI AAYXX AFJKZ AKRWK CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-3ca55492be07fc88cce76adcb2c80e4ac3ad77c0c75fe125337869588686e6b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | AIKHN |
| ISSN | 1474-7065 |
| IngestDate | Thu Sep 26 16:26:55 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:20:28 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Temperature Temperature humidity index Heat stress Thermal discomfort Humidity Discomfort index |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c297t-3ca55492be07fc88cce76adcb2c80e4ac3ad77c0c75fe125337869588686e6b3 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3694-6936 0000-0001-6499-2393 0000-0003-4279-8877 0000-0002-8293-6632 |
| PageCount | 11 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pce_2019_01_010 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_pce_2019_01_010 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | April 2019 2019-04-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2019 text: April 2019 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationTitle | Physics and chemistry of the earth. Parts A/B/C |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Humphreys, Nicol (bib70) 2008 Turner, Paliaga, Lynch, Arens, Aynsley, Brager (bib58) 2013 Yang, Wong, Jusuf (bib68) 2013; 59 Ahmed, Abdel-Ghany, Ibrahim, Al-Hlal (bib3) 2014; 81 Nicol, Humphreys (bib38) 1986 Nin (bib39) 1999 Francisco (bib18) 2001 Mushore, Odindi, Dube, Mutanga (bib35) 2018; 100 Blazejczyk, Epstein, Jendritzky, Staiger, Tinz (bib8) 2012; 56 Bouden, Ghrab (bib9) 2005; 37 Tawhida, Hisham (bib54) 2013; 2 Ren, Spit, Lenzholzer, Yim, van Hove, Chen (bib49) 2012; 18 Feriadi, Wong (bib17) 2004; 36 Kinney, Schwartz, Pascal, Petkova, Le Tertre, Medina, Vautard (bib27) 2015; 10 Humphreys (bib22) 1978; 6 Baskar (bib7) 2015; 4 Keramitsoglou, Kiranoudis, Ceriola, Weng, Rajasekar (bib26) 2011; 115 Thorsson, Lindberg, Björklund, Holmer, Rayner (bib56) 2011; 31 Gagge, Fanger (bib19) 2015 Ruiz, Correa (bib51) 2014; 57 Syed Othman Thani, Nik Mohamad, Norjihan Jamaludin (bib53) 2013; 179 Okamura, Takeuchi, Akatsuka, Oyoshi (bib40) 2014; 14 KNMI (bib28) 2000 Nguyen, Singh, Reiter (bib37) 2012; 56 Kamusoko, Gamba, Murakami (bib25) 2013; 2 Charles (bib13) 2003; vol. 162 Roelofsen (bib50) 2016; 8 Mozaffarieh, Fontana Gasio, Schötzau, Orgül, Flammer, Kräuchi (bib33) 2010; 8 Om (bib41) 2015; 03 d'Ambrosio, Palella, Riccio, Alfano (bib2) 2004; 95 Cheng, Ng, Givoni (bib15) 2010; 2003 Mvungi, Hranova, Love (bib36) 2003; 28 Polydoros, Cartalis (bib45) 2014; 8 Puliafito, Bochaca, Allende, Fernandez (bib48) 2013; 3 Ca, Asaeda, Abu (bib10) 1998; 29 Potchter, Ben-Shalom (bib47) 2013; 98 Widyasamratri, Souma, Suetsugi, Ishidaira, Ichikawa, Kobayashi, Inagaki (bib63) 2013; 4 Yaglou, Minaed (bib65) 1957; 16 Vernon, Warner (bib61) 1932; 32 Parsons (bib43) 2003 Mazon (bib31) 2014; 58 McGregor, Nieuwolt (bib71) 1998 Mushore, Mutanga, Odindi, Dube (bib34) 2016; 20 Weng, Yang (bib62) 2004; 70 Ormandy, Ezratty (bib42) 2016; 10 Torrance (bib57) 1981 Akbari, Pomerantz, Taha (bib4) 2001; 70 Unganai (bib59) 1996; 6 Emmanuel (bib16) 2005; 40 Gamanya, De Maeyer, De Dapper (bib20) 2009; 36 Humphreys (bib23) 2008 Yang, Lau, Qian (bib67) 2011; 54 Thom (bib55) 1959; 12 Parsons (bib44) 2006; 44 Polydoros, Cartalis (bib46) 2015 Holopainen, Tuomaala, Hernandez, Häkkinen, Piira, Piippo (bib21) 2014; 71 Azevedo, Tadeu, Costa, Miranda, Boas, Leitão (bib6) 2015; 30 Cao, Li, Zhang, Chen (bib11) 2008; XXXVII Smith, Woodward, Campbell-Lendrum, Chadee, Honda, Liu (bib52) 2014 D'Ambrosio Alfano, Palella, Riccio (bib1) 2013; 51 Chang, Li, Chang (bib12) 2007; 80 Mbiba (bib32) 1994; 6 Madhumathi (bib29) 2012; 3 Yilmaz, Toy, Yilmaz (bib69) 2007; 20 Jauregui (bib24) 1993; 49 Almeida (bib5) 2010 Matzarakis, Amelung, Thomson (bib30) 2008 Wilson, Nicol, Nanayakkara, Ueberjahn-Tritta (bib64) 2008; 10 Chen, Wong (bib14) 2006; 38 Urban, Kyselý (bib60) 2014; 11 Yang, Slingo (bib66) 2001; 129 D'Ambrosio Alfano (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib1) 2013; 51 Baskar (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib7) 2015; 4 Nicol (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib38) 1986 Mushore (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib35) 2018; 100 Turner (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib58) 2013 Parsons (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib44) 2006; 44 Humphreys (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib23) 2008 Mbiba (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib32) 1994; 6 Ca (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib10) 1998; 29 Kamusoko (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib25) 2013; 2 Polydoros (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib45) 2014; 8 Smith (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib52) 2014 Cao (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib11) 2008; XXXVII Holopainen (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib21) 2014; 71 Charles (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib13) 2003; vol. 162 Akbari (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib4) 2001; 70 Ren (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib49) 2012; 18 Azevedo (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib6) 2015; 30 Feriadi (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib17) 2004; 36 Urban (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib60) 2014; 11 Vernon (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib61) 1932; 32 Chang (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib12) 2007; 80 Weng (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib62) 2004; 70 Mozaffarieh (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib33) 2010; 8 Syed Othman Thani (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib53) 2013; 179 Parsons (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib43) 2003 Mushore (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib34) 2016; 20 Om (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib41) 2015; 03 Puliafito (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib48) 2013; 3 Nguyen (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib37) 2012; 56 Humphreys (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib70) 2008 Jauregui (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib24) 1993; 49 McGregor (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib71) 1998 Kinney (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib27) 2015; 10 Ormandy (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib42) 2016; 10 Mvungi (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib36) 2003; 28 Yang (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib66) 2001; 129 Matzarakis (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib30) 2008 Polydoros (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib46) 2015 Yang (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib68) 2013; 59 KNMI (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib28) 2000 Okamura (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib40) 2014; 14 Ahmed (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib3) 2014; 81 Yaglou (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib65) 1957; 16 Emmanuel (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib16) 2005; 40 Francisco (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib18) 2001 Ruiz (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib51) 2014; 57 Tawhida (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib54) 2013; 2 Gamanya (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib20) 2009; 36 Thom (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib55) 1959; 12 Potchter (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib47) 2013; 98 Mazon (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib31) 2014; 58 Nin (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib39) 1999 Keramitsoglou (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib26) 2011; 115 Widyasamratri (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib63) 2013; 4 Chen (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib14) 2006; 38 Torrance (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib57) 1981 Gagge (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib19) 2015 Humphreys (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib22) 1978; 6 Thorsson (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib56) 2011; 31 Unganai (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib59) 1996; 6 Madhumathi (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib29) 2012; 3 Yilmaz (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib69) 2007; 20 d'Ambrosio (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib2) 2004; 95 Roelofsen (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib50) 2016; 8 Cheng (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib15) 2010; 2003 Wilson (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib64) 2008; 10 Almeida (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib5) 2010 Bouden (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib9) 2005; 37 Yang (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib67) 2011; 54 Blazejczyk (10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib8) 2012; 56 |
| References_xml | – volume: 70 start-page: 295 year: 2001 end-page: 310 ident: bib4 article-title: Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas publication-title: Sol. Energy contributor: fullname: Taha – volume: XXXVII start-page: 1378 year: 2008 end-page: 1384 ident: bib11 article-title: Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and vegetation fraction publication-title: Rem. Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. contributor: fullname: Chen – year: 1981 ident: bib57 article-title: Climate handbook of Zimbabwe contributor: fullname: Torrance – volume: 70 start-page: 145 year: 2004 end-page: 156 ident: bib62 article-title: Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city publication-title: J. Environ. Manag. contributor: fullname: Yang – year: 2008 ident: bib23 article-title: Outdoor temperatures and comfort indoors Outdoor temperatures and comfort indoors, (September 2013) contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 20 start-page: 120 year: 2016 end-page: 134 ident: bib34 article-title: Linking major shifts in land surface temperatures to long term land use and land cover changes: a case of Harare, Zimbabwe publication-title: Urban Climate contributor: fullname: Dube – volume: 2003 start-page: 9 year: 2010 end-page: 11 ident: bib15 article-title: Outdoor thermal comfort in sub-tropical climate_a longitudinal study based in Hong Kong publication-title: Network for Comfort And\rEnergy Use in Buildings contributor: fullname: Givoni – volume: 28 start-page: 1131 year: 2003 end-page: 1137 ident: bib36 article-title: Impact of home industries on water quality in a tributary of the Marimba River, Harare: implications for urban water management publication-title: Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C contributor: fullname: Love – start-page: 91 year: 2000 end-page: 110 ident: bib28 article-title: Handbook for the Meteorological Observation. Handbook for the Meteorological Observation, (September) contributor: fullname: KNMI – volume: 32 start-page: 431 year: 1932 end-page: 462 ident: bib61 article-title: The influence of the humidity of the air on capacity for work at high temperatures publication-title: J. Hyg. contributor: fullname: Warner – volume: 2 start-page: 36 year: 2013 end-page: 38 ident: bib54 article-title: Application of Thom ’ s Thermal Discomfort Index in Khartoum State, Sudan publication-title: J. For. Prod. Ind. contributor: fullname: Hisham – volume: 3 start-page: 739 year: 2012 end-page: 748 ident: bib29 article-title: Experimental study of passive cooling of building facade using phase change materials to increase thermal comfort in buildings in hot humid areas publication-title: Int. J. Energy Environ. contributor: fullname: Madhumathi – volume: 98 start-page: 113 year: 2013 end-page: 122 ident: bib47 article-title: Urban warming and global warming : combined effect on thermal discomfort in the desert city of Beer Sheva , Israel publication-title: J. Arid Environ. contributor: fullname: Ben-Shalom – volume: 6 start-page: 188 year: 1994 end-page: 202 ident: bib32 article-title: Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: Prohibitive or accommodative? publication-title: Environ. Urbanization contributor: fullname: Mbiba – volume: 10 start-page: 31 year: 2008 end-page: 45 ident: bib64 article-title: Public urban open space and human thermal comfort: The implications of alternative climate change and socio-economic scenarios publication-title: J. Environ. Pol. Plann. contributor: fullname: Ueberjahn-Tritta – volume: 57 start-page: 3130 year: 2014 end-page: 3139 ident: bib51 article-title: Developing a thermal comfort index for vegetated open spaces in cities of arid zones publication-title: Energy Procedia contributor: fullname: Correa – volume: 11 start-page: 952 year: 2014 end-page: 967 ident: bib60 article-title: Comparison of UTCI with other thermal indices in the assessment of heat and cold effects on cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health contributor: fullname: Kyselý – year: 1998 ident: bib71 article-title: Tropical Climatology: An Introduction to the Climates of the Low Latitudes contributor: fullname: Nieuwolt – start-page: 1 year: 2008 end-page: 43 ident: bib70 article-title: Adaptive thermal comfort in buildings. The Kinki Chapter of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan contributor: fullname: Nicol – start-page: 45 year: 1986 end-page: 59 ident: bib38 article-title: Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings, (1936) contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 03 year: 2015 ident: bib41 article-title: How well is the tropical Africa prepared for future physiologic stress? The Nigerian example publication-title: J. Climatol. Weather Forecast. contributor: fullname: Om – volume: 36 start-page: 614 year: 2004 end-page: 626 ident: bib17 article-title: Thermal comfort for naturally ventilated houses in Indonesia publication-title: Energy Build. contributor: fullname: Wong – volume: 37 start-page: 952 year: 2005 end-page: 963 ident: bib9 article-title: An adaptive thermal comfort model for the Tunisian context: A field study results publication-title: Energy Build. contributor: fullname: Ghrab – volume: 179 start-page: 651 year: 2013 end-page: 662 ident: bib53 article-title: Outdoor thermal comfort: The effects of urban landscape morphology on microclimatic conditions in a hot-humid city publication-title: WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. contributor: fullname: Norjihan Jamaludin – volume: 29 start-page: 83 year: 1998 end-page: 92 ident: bib10 article-title: Reductions in air conditioning energy caused by a nearby park publication-title: Energy Build. contributor: fullname: Abu – volume: 38 start-page: 105 year: 2006 end-page: 120 ident: bib14 article-title: Thermal benefits of city parks publication-title: Energy Build. contributor: fullname: Wong – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 5 ident: bib33 article-title: Thermal discomfort with cold extremities in relation to age, gender, and body mass index in a random sample of a Swiss urban population publication-title: Popul. Health Metrics contributor: fullname: Kräuchi – volume: 51 start-page: 285 year: 2013 end-page: 296 ident: bib1 article-title: On the transition thermal discomfort to heat stress as a function of the PMV value publication-title: Ind. Health contributor: fullname: Riccio – volume: 16 start-page: 302 year: 1957 end-page: 316 ident: bib65 article-title: Control of heat casualties at military training centers publication-title: Arch. Indust. Health contributor: fullname: Minaed – volume: 4 start-page: 7 year: 2015 end-page: 14 ident: bib7 article-title: A study on indoor temperature and comfort temperature contributor: fullname: Baskar – volume: 3 start-page: 372 year: 2013 end-page: 384 ident: bib48 article-title: Green areas and microscale thermal comfort in arid environments: a case study in Mendoza, Argentina publication-title: Atmos. Clim. Sci. contributor: fullname: Fernandez – volume: 129 start-page: 784 year: 2001 end-page: 801 ident: bib66 article-title: The diurnal cycle in the tropics publication-title: Mon. Weather Rev. contributor: fullname: Slingo – volume: 56 start-page: 515 year: 2012 end-page: 535 ident: bib8 article-title: Comparison of UTCI to selected thermal indices publication-title: Int. J. Biometeorol. contributor: fullname: Tinz – year: 2001 ident: bib18 article-title: Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice. Materials Research contributor: fullname: Francisco – year: 2015 ident: bib46 article-title: Advances in Building Energy Research Assessing thermal risk in urban areas – an application for the urban agglomeration of Athens, 2549(December) contributor: fullname: Cartalis – volume: 36 start-page: 571 year: 2009 end-page: 588 ident: bib20 article-title: Object-oriented change detection for the city of Harare, Zimbabwe publication-title: Expert Syst. Appl. contributor: fullname: De Dapper – start-page: 2010 year: 2013 ident: bib58 article-title: ASHRAE STANDARD Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy contributor: fullname: Brager – volume: 115 start-page: 3080 year: 2011 end-page: 3090 ident: bib26 article-title: Identification and analysis of urban surface temperature patterns in Greater Athens, Greece, using MODIS imagery publication-title: Rem. Sens. Environ. contributor: fullname: Rajasekar – volume: 8 start-page: 195 year: 2016 end-page: 214 ident: bib50 article-title: A computer model for the assessment of employee performance loss as a function of thermal discomfort or degree of heat stress publication-title: Intell. Build. Int. contributor: fullname: Roelofsen – volume: 31 start-page: 324 year: 2011 end-page: 335 ident: bib56 article-title: Potential changes in outdoor thermal comfort conditions in Gothenburg, Sweden due to climate change: The influence of urban geometry publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. contributor: fullname: Rayner – year: 2003 ident: bib43 article-title: Human thermal environments. Chemistry contributor: fullname: Parsons – volume: 4 start-page: 800 year: 2013 end-page: 805 ident: bib63 article-title: A comparison air temperature and land surface temperature to detect an urbanization effect in Jakarta, Indonesia publication-title: J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Appl. Sci. contributor: fullname: Inagaki – volume: 30 start-page: 371 year: 2015 end-page: 380 ident: bib6 article-title: Characterization of human thermal comfort in urban areas of Brazilian semiarid publication-title: Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia contributor: fullname: Leitão – volume: 71 start-page: 60 year: 2014 end-page: 70 ident: bib21 article-title: Comfort assessment in the context of sustainable buildings: Comparison of simplified and detailed human thermal sensation methods publication-title: Build. Environ. contributor: fullname: Piippo – volume: 54 start-page: 285 year: 2011 end-page: 304 ident: bib67 article-title: Thermal comfort effects of urban design strategies in high-rise urban environments in a sub-tropical climate publication-title: Architect. Sci. Rev. contributor: fullname: Qian – volume: 44 start-page: 368 year: 2006 end-page: 379 ident: bib44 article-title: Heat Stress Standard ISO 7243 and its global application publication-title: Ind. Health contributor: fullname: Parsons – start-page: 161 year: 2008 end-page: 172 ident: bib30 article-title: Chapter 9: physiological equivalent temperature as indicator for impacts of climate change on thermal comfort of humans publication-title: Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change Human Health contributor: fullname: Thomson – volume: vol. 162 start-page: 29 year: 2003 ident: bib13 publication-title: Fanger's Thermal Comfort and Draught Models Fanger ’ s Thermal Comfort and Draught Models IRC Research Report RR-162 contributor: fullname: Charles – start-page: 709 year: 2014 end-page: 754 ident: bib52 article-title: Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Ma contributor: fullname: Liu – volume: 18 start-page: 207 year: 2012 end-page: 221 ident: bib49 article-title: Urban Climate Map System for Dutch spatial planning publication-title: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 49 start-page: 964 year: 1993 end-page: 968 ident: bib24 article-title: Urban bioclimatology in developing countries publication-title: Experientia contributor: fullname: Jauregui – volume: 56 start-page: 291 year: 2012 end-page: 300 ident: bib37 article-title: An adaptive thermal comfort model for hot humid South-East Asia publication-title: Build. Environ. contributor: fullname: Reiter – volume: 59 start-page: 426 year: 2013 end-page: 435 ident: bib68 article-title: Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces in Singapore publication-title: Build. Environ. contributor: fullname: Jusuf – volume: 6 start-page: 92 year: 1978 ident: bib22 article-title: Outdoor temperatures and comfort indoors publication-title: Batiment International, Building Research and Practice contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 10 start-page: 064016 year: 2015 ident: bib27 article-title: Winter season mortality: will climate warming bring benefits? publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. contributor: fullname: Vautard – volume: 58 start-page: 717 year: 2014 end-page: 724 ident: bib31 article-title: The influence of thermal discomfort on the attention index of teenagers: An experimental evaluation publication-title: Int. J. Biometeorol. contributor: fullname: Mazon – volume: 14 start-page: 4 year: 2014 end-page: 6 ident: bib40 article-title: Evaluating thermal comfort in city life and its relation to socio-economic activities publication-title: Asian J. Geoinf. contributor: fullname: Oyoshi – volume: 10 start-page: 84 year: 2016 end-page: 98 ident: bib42 article-title: Thermal discomfort and health: protecting the susceptible from excess cold and excess heat in housing publication-title: Adv. Build. Energy Res. contributor: fullname: Ezratty – volume: 100 start-page: 162 year: 2018 end-page: 179 ident: bib35 article-title: Outdoor thermal discomfort analysis in Harare, Zimbabwe in Southern Africa publication-title: S. Afr. Geogr. J. contributor: fullname: Mutanga – year: 1999 ident: bib39 article-title: © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society contributor: fullname: Nin – volume: 20 start-page: 289 year: 2007 end-page: 297 ident: bib69 article-title: Human thermal comfort over three different land surfaces during summer in the city of Erzurum, Turkey publication-title: Atmósfera contributor: fullname: Yilmaz – start-page: 7 year: 2015 end-page: 24 ident: bib19 article-title: Chapter 2 A Brief History of Thermal Comfort : From Effective Temperature to Adaptive Thermal Comfort contributor: fullname: Fanger – volume: 2 start-page: 322 year: 2013 ident: bib25 article-title: Monitoring urban spatial growth in Harare Metropolitan province, Zimbabwe publication-title: Adv. Rem. Sens. contributor: fullname: Murakami – volume: 40 start-page: 1591 year: 2005 end-page: 1601 ident: bib16 article-title: Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city : the Colombo Metropolitan Region ( CMR ) publication-title: Sri Lanka contributor: fullname: Emmanuel – volume: 95 start-page: 255 year: 2004 end-page: 274 ident: bib2 article-title: Criteria for assessing severely hot environments: from the WBGT index to the PHS (predicted heat strain) model publication-title: Med. Lavoro contributor: fullname: Alfano – start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 11 ident: bib5 article-title: Thermal amalysis of builings using theoretical and adaptive models, (October) contributor: fullname: Almeida – volume: 80 start-page: 386 year: 2007 end-page: 395 ident: bib12 article-title: A preliminary study on the local cool-island intensity of Taipei city parks publication-title: Landsc. Urban Plann. contributor: fullname: Chang – volume: 12 start-page: 57 year: 1959 end-page: 61 ident: bib55 article-title: The discomfort index publication-title: Weatherwise contributor: fullname: Thom – volume: 81 start-page: 410 year: 2014 end-page: 426 ident: bib3 article-title: Evaluation of Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress in an Outdoor Urban Setting publication-title: Build. Environ. contributor: fullname: Al-Hlal – volume: 8 start-page: 74 year: 2014 end-page: 83 ident: bib45 article-title: Assessing thermal risk in urban areas - an application for the urban agglomeration of Athens publication-title: Adv. Build. Energy Res. contributor: fullname: Cartalis – volume: 6 start-page: 137 year: 1996 end-page: 145 ident: bib59 article-title: Historic and future climatic change in Zimbabwe publication-title: Clim. Res. contributor: fullname: Unganai – volume: 37 start-page: 952 issue: 9 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib9 article-title: An adaptive thermal comfort model for the Tunisian context: A field study results publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.12.003 contributor: fullname: Bouden – volume: 49 start-page: 964 issue: 11 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib24 article-title: Urban bioclimatology in developing countries publication-title: Experientia doi: 10.1007/BF02125643 contributor: fullname: Jauregui – volume: 57 start-page: 3130 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib51 article-title: Developing a thermal comfort index for vegetated open spaces in cities of arid zones publication-title: Energy Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.06.056 contributor: fullname: Ruiz – volume: 11 start-page: 952 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib60 article-title: Comparison of UTCI with other thermal indices in the assessment of heat and cold effects on cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph110100952 contributor: fullname: Urban – volume: 56 start-page: 515 issue: 3 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib8 article-title: Comparison of UTCI to selected thermal indices publication-title: Int. J. Biometeorol. doi: 10.1007/s00484-011-0453-2 contributor: fullname: Blazejczyk – start-page: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib5 contributor: fullname: Almeida – volume: 95 start-page: 255 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib2 article-title: Criteria for assessing severely hot environments: from the WBGT index to the PHS (predicted heat strain) model publication-title: Med. Lavoro contributor: fullname: d'Ambrosio – volume: 98 start-page: 113 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib47 article-title: Urban warming and global warming : combined effect on thermal discomfort in the desert city of Beer Sheva , Israel publication-title: J. Arid Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.08.006 contributor: fullname: Potchter – volume: 38 start-page: 105 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib14 article-title: Thermal benefits of city parks publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.04.003 contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 6 start-page: 188 issue: 1 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib32 article-title: Institutional responses to uncontrolled urban cultivation in Harare: Prohibitive or accommodative? publication-title: Environ. Urbanization doi: 10.1177/095624789400600116 contributor: fullname: Mbiba – volume: 14 start-page: 4 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib40 article-title: Evaluating thermal comfort in city life and its relation to socio-economic activities publication-title: Asian J. Geoinf. contributor: fullname: Okamura – start-page: 161 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib30 article-title: Chapter 9: physiological equivalent temperature as indicator for impacts of climate change on thermal comfort of humans publication-title: Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change Human Health doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6877-5_10 contributor: fullname: Matzarakis – volume: 2 start-page: 322 issue: 04 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib25 article-title: Monitoring urban spatial growth in Harare Metropolitan province, Zimbabwe publication-title: Adv. Rem. Sens. doi: 10.4236/ars.2013.24035 contributor: fullname: Kamusoko – year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib57 contributor: fullname: Torrance – start-page: 91 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib28 contributor: fullname: KNMI – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib46 contributor: fullname: Polydoros – volume: 10 start-page: 31 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib64 article-title: Public urban open space and human thermal comfort: The implications of alternative climate change and socio-economic scenarios publication-title: J. Environ. Pol. Plann. doi: 10.1080/15239080701652615 contributor: fullname: Wilson – volume: 10 start-page: 84 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib42 article-title: Thermal discomfort and health: protecting the susceptible from excess cold and excess heat in housing publication-title: Adv. Build. Energy Res. doi: 10.1080/17512549.2015.1014845 contributor: fullname: Ormandy – volume: 3 start-page: 372 issue: July year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib48 article-title: Green areas and microscale thermal comfort in arid environments: a case study in Mendoza, Argentina publication-title: Atmos. Clim. Sci. contributor: fullname: Puliafito – volume: 16 start-page: 302 issue: 4 year: 1957 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib65 article-title: Control of heat casualties at military training centers publication-title: Arch. Indust. Health contributor: fullname: Yaglou – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib23 contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 18 start-page: 207 issue: 1 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib49 article-title: Urban Climate Map System for Dutch spatial planning publication-title: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2012.01.026 contributor: fullname: Ren – volume: 40 start-page: 1591 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib16 article-title: Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city : the Colombo Metropolitan Region ( CMR ) publication-title: Sri Lanka contributor: fullname: Emmanuel – start-page: 45 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib38 contributor: fullname: Nicol – volume: 70 start-page: 145 issue: 2 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib62 article-title: Managing the adverse thermal effects of urban development in a densely populated Chinese city publication-title: J. Environ. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.11.006 contributor: fullname: Weng – volume: 115 start-page: 3080 issue: 12 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib26 article-title: Identification and analysis of urban surface temperature patterns in Greater Athens, Greece, using MODIS imagery publication-title: Rem. Sens. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.014 contributor: fullname: Keramitsoglou – start-page: 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib70 contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 2003 start-page: 9 issue: April year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib15 article-title: Outdoor thermal comfort in sub-tropical climate_a longitudinal study based in Hong Kong publication-title: Network for Comfort And\rEnergy Use in Buildings contributor: fullname: Cheng – volume: 51 start-page: 285 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib1 article-title: On the transition thermal discomfort to heat stress as a function of the PMV value publication-title: Ind. Health doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2012-0163 contributor: fullname: D'Ambrosio Alfano – volume: 44 start-page: 368 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib44 article-title: Heat Stress Standard ISO 7243 and its global application publication-title: Ind. Health doi: 10.2486/indhealth.44.368 contributor: fullname: Parsons – start-page: 709 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib52 contributor: fullname: Smith – volume: 31 start-page: 324 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib56 article-title: Potential changes in outdoor thermal comfort conditions in Gothenburg, Sweden due to climate change: The influence of urban geometry publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.2231 contributor: fullname: Thorsson – volume: vol. 162 start-page: 29 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib13 contributor: fullname: Charles – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib71 contributor: fullname: McGregor – volume: 20 start-page: 289 issue: 3 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib69 article-title: Human thermal comfort over three different land surfaces during summer in the city of Erzurum, Turkey publication-title: Atmósfera contributor: fullname: Yilmaz – volume: 100 start-page: 162 issue: 2 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib35 article-title: Outdoor thermal discomfort analysis in Harare, Zimbabwe in Southern Africa publication-title: S. Afr. Geogr. J. doi: 10.1080/03736245.2017.1339630 contributor: fullname: Mushore – volume: 6 start-page: 92 issue: 2 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib22 article-title: Outdoor temperatures and comfort indoors publication-title: Batiment International, Building Research and Practice doi: 10.1080/09613217808550656 contributor: fullname: Humphreys – volume: 4 start-page: 800 issue: 6 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib63 article-title: A comparison air temperature and land surface temperature to detect an urbanization effect in Jakarta, Indonesia publication-title: J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Appl. Sci. contributor: fullname: Widyasamratri – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib43 contributor: fullname: Parsons – volume: 56 start-page: 291 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib37 article-title: An adaptive thermal comfort model for hot humid South-East Asia publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.021 contributor: fullname: Nguyen – volume: 12 start-page: 57 issue: 2 year: 1959 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib55 article-title: The discomfort index publication-title: Weatherwise doi: 10.1080/00431672.1959.9926960 contributor: fullname: Thom – volume: 8 start-page: 74 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib45 article-title: Assessing thermal risk in urban areas - an application for the urban agglomeration of Athens publication-title: Adv. Build. Energy Res. doi: 10.1080/17512549.2014.890536 contributor: fullname: Polydoros – volume: 179 start-page: 651 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib53 article-title: Outdoor thermal comfort: The effects of urban landscape morphology on microclimatic conditions in a hot-humid city publication-title: WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. doi: 10.2495/SC130551 contributor: fullname: Syed Othman Thani – volume: 2 start-page: 36 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib54 article-title: Application of Thom ’ s Thermal Discomfort Index in Khartoum State, Sudan publication-title: J. For. Prod. Ind. contributor: fullname: Tawhida – volume: 20 start-page: 120 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib34 article-title: Linking major shifts in land surface temperatures to long term land use and land cover changes: a case of Harare, Zimbabwe publication-title: Urban Climate doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.04.005 contributor: fullname: Mushore – volume: 70 start-page: 295 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib4 article-title: Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas publication-title: Sol. Energy doi: 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X contributor: fullname: Akbari – volume: 4 start-page: 7 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib7 article-title: A study on indoor temperature and comfort temperature contributor: fullname: Baskar – volume: 28 start-page: 1131 issue: 20–27 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib36 article-title: Impact of home industries on water quality in a tributary of the Marimba River, Harare: implications for urban water management publication-title: Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.034 contributor: fullname: Mvungi – volume: 30 start-page: 371 issue: 4 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib6 article-title: Characterization of human thermal comfort in urban areas of Brazilian semiarid publication-title: Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia doi: 10.1590/0102-778620140149 contributor: fullname: Azevedo – volume: 3 start-page: 739 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib29 article-title: Experimental study of passive cooling of building facade using phase change materials to increase thermal comfort in buildings in hot humid areas publication-title: Int. J. Energy Environ. contributor: fullname: Madhumathi – volume: 36 start-page: 614 issue: 7 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib17 article-title: Thermal comfort for naturally ventilated houses in Indonesia publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.011 contributor: fullname: Feriadi – volume: 6 start-page: 137 issue: 2 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib59 article-title: Historic and future climatic change in Zimbabwe publication-title: Clim. Res. doi: 10.3354/cr006137 contributor: fullname: Unganai – year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib18 contributor: fullname: Francisco – start-page: 2010 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib58 contributor: fullname: Turner – volume: 10 start-page: 064016 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib27 article-title: Winter season mortality: will climate warming bring benefits? publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064016 contributor: fullname: Kinney – start-page: 7 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib19 contributor: fullname: Gagge – volume: 32 start-page: 431 issue: 3 year: 1932 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib61 article-title: The influence of the humidity of the air on capacity for work at high temperatures publication-title: J. Hyg. doi: 10.1017/S0022172400018167 contributor: fullname: Vernon – volume: 54 start-page: 285 issue: 4 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib67 article-title: Thermal comfort effects of urban design strategies in high-rise urban environments in a sub-tropical climate publication-title: Architect. Sci. Rev. doi: 10.1080/00038628.2011.613646 contributor: fullname: Yang – volume: 8 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib33 article-title: Thermal discomfort with cold extremities in relation to age, gender, and body mass index in a random sample of a Swiss urban population publication-title: Popul. Health Metrics doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-8-17 contributor: fullname: Mozaffarieh – volume: 81 start-page: 410 issue: 3 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib3 article-title: Evaluation of Human Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress in an Outdoor Urban Setting publication-title: Build. Environ. contributor: fullname: Ahmed – volume: 29 start-page: 83 issue: 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib10 article-title: Reductions in air conditioning energy caused by a nearby park publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00032-2 contributor: fullname: Ca – volume: 03 issue: 02 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib41 article-title: How well is the tropical Africa prepared for future physiologic stress? The Nigerian example publication-title: J. Climatol. Weather Forecast. contributor: fullname: Om – volume: XXXVII start-page: 1378 issue: Part B7 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib11 article-title: Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and vegetation fraction publication-title: Rem. Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. contributor: fullname: Cao – volume: 129 start-page: 784 issue: 4 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib66 article-title: The diurnal cycle in the tropics publication-title: Mon. Weather Rev. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0784:TDCITT>2.0.CO;2 contributor: fullname: Yang – volume: 36 start-page: 571 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib20 article-title: Object-oriented change detection for the city of Harare, Zimbabwe publication-title: Expert Syst. Appl. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.09.067 contributor: fullname: Gamanya – volume: 80 start-page: 386 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib12 article-title: A preliminary study on the local cool-island intensity of Taipei city parks publication-title: Landsc. Urban Plann. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.09.005 contributor: fullname: Chang – volume: 71 start-page: 60 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib21 article-title: Comfort assessment in the context of sustainable buildings: Comparison of simplified and detailed human thermal sensation methods publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.09.009 contributor: fullname: Holopainen – volume: 58 start-page: 717 issue: 5 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib31 article-title: The influence of thermal discomfort on the attention index of teenagers: An experimental evaluation publication-title: Int. J. Biometeorol. doi: 10.1007/s00484-013-0652-0 contributor: fullname: Mazon – volume: 59 start-page: 426 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib68 article-title: Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces in Singapore publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.008 contributor: fullname: Yang – year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib39 contributor: fullname: Nin – volume: 8 start-page: 195 issue: 4 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010_bib50 article-title: A computer model for the assessment of employee performance loss as a function of thermal discomfort or degree of heat stress publication-title: Intell. Build. Int. doi: 10.1080/17508975.2015.1011071 contributor: fullname: Roelofsen |
| SSID | ssj0017144 |
| Score | 2.2587073 |
| Snippet | This study investigated the thermal discomfort patterns at the University of Zimbabwe in Harare, Zimbabwe; paying attention to the outdoor and indoor seasonal... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 138 |
| SubjectTerms | Discomfort index Heat stress Humidity Temperature Temperature humidity index Thermal discomfort |
| Title | Localised human thermal discomfort assessment using high temporal resolution meteorological data: A case of University of Zimbabwe |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010 |
| Volume | 110 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8QwEB50RfAiPnF9kYMnoW7Tpk3qbRF1fe1FBfFSktlUVuzusq6IFw_-cjN9rAp6EXpJ6UCZhvm-NF--AdhLAi2VSTJPGKs9gb7v6VAGXpBlWtkIHcTRr4Grbty5Fed30d0MHNVnYUhWWdX-sqYX1bq606qy2Rr1-61rLhwVdgjKycLKLd1nYc7BkRANmGufXXS6080EyYuervS8RwH15mYh8xohmWXypDDvpHO0v8HTN8g5WYLFiiuydvk6yzBjByswf1r04n1bhY9LwqH-s-2xotMeIy6XuwA6aTvMHRudMD013mSkcH9gZE_MKj-qJ-bW2tXUY7ljz8NxXQoZKUcPWZuhQzk2zNiXgING9_3caPNq1-Dm5PjmqONVLRU8DBI58ULUEXmyGevLDJVCtDLWPTQBKt8KjaHuSYk-yiizjvuEoVRxEikVq9jGJlyHxmA4sBvAksw3Iuqh0sgFap4kNuYotXULGB3zrAn7dSLTUWmckdaKssfUZT2lrKc-d5ffBFGnOv3x9VNX2P8O2_xf2BYs0KjU32xDYzJ-sTuOWkzMLswevPPdagJ9Aqhu0IE |
| link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,4521,24144,27957,27958,45620,45714 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEB60InoRn1ife_AkhGaTTXbjrRS11dqLFcRL2J1upGIf1Ip49Zc7myZVQS9CLtkwECbLzDfZb74BOEkCLZVJMk8Yqz2Bvu_pUAZekGVa2QgpxblfAzeduHknru6j-wVolL0wjlZZxP5ZTM-jdbFSK7xZG_f7tVsuCApTBuVOwopK90VYEpHkogJL9dZ1szM_TKC1_HBZOOohGZSHmznNa4xOLJMnuXin66P9LT19SzkX67BWYEVWn73OBizY4SYsX-azeN-34KPt8lD_xfZYPmmPOSw3IAPXaTsaEBqdMj0X3mSO4f7InDwxK_SonhnV2sXWYwNCz6NJGQqZY46esTpDynJslLEvAoe7e-gPjDZvdhu6F-fdRtMrRip4GCRy6oWoI6fJZqwvM1QK0cpY99AEqHwrNIa6JyX6KKPMEvYJQ6niJFIqVrGNTbgDleFoaHeBJZlvRNRDpZEL1DxJbMxRaksFjI55VoXT0pHpeCackZaMsqeUvJ46r6c-p8uvgihdnf74-ikF9r_N9v5ndgwrze5NO223Otf7sOqezLg4B1CZTl7tIcGMqTkqttEnsnrScw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Localised+human+thermal+discomfort+assessment+using+high+temporal+resolution+meteorological+data%3A+A+case+of+University+of+Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=Physics+and+chemistry+of+the+earth.+Parts+A%2FB%2FC&rft.au=Mushore%2C+Terence+Darlington&rft.au=Chimuti%2C+Brandon&rft.au=Gwenzi%2C+Juliet&rft.au=Manjowe%2C+Moven&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.issn=1474-7065&rft.volume=110&rft.spage=138&rft.epage=148&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2019.01.010&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_pce_2019_01_010 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1474-7065&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1474-7065&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1474-7065&client=summon |