Gender-Responsive Public Transportation in the Dammam Metropolitan Region, Saudi Arabia
The limited availability of public transportation in Saudi Arabia leads to an increased demand for private vehicles. An increase in using private cars does not meet the global sustainability goals, e.g., reducing energy consumption and improving the air quality. Road users should be encouraged to us...
Saved in:
Published in | Sustainability Vol. 12; no. 21; p. 9068 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.11.2020
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | The limited availability of public transportation in Saudi Arabia leads to an increased demand for private vehicles. An increase in using private cars does not meet the global sustainability goals, e.g., reducing energy consumption and improving the air quality. Road users should be encouraged to use sustainable mobility modes, particularly public transportation, equally accessible to both men and women However, women’s mobility has been somewhat limited and challenged in spatio-temporal terms, and partly due to socio-cultural barriers. This study attempts to understand the gender experience of a sample of public transport users and consider their aspirations and needs into daily mobility. A survey campaign (structured interviews and online questionnaires) was launched in the Dammam Metropolitan Region (DMR), taking four different types of respondents into account. The results suggest a predominant preference for taxis for shopping and leisure activities due to a poor public transport service, pivotally characterized by limited operational routes, hours, and infrastructure. This study ponders upon the adequacy of the supporting infrastructures and interior design of the public buses to women’s needs and compare them with global best practices. The results suggest that, due to the absence of a gender-responsive design and infrastructure, women are forced to use taxis, although privacy and a sense of insecurity often become concerns when traveling alone or with children. The study results allow future research to be expanded, considering women’s mobility patterns, needs, and embedded barriers by comparing the results with current transport policies, plans, and practices. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The limited availability of public transportation in Saudi Arabia leads to an increased demand for private vehicles. An increase in using private cars does not meet the global sustainability goals, e.g., reducing energy consumption and improving the air quality. Road users should be encouraged to use sustainable mobility modes, particularly public transportation, equally accessible to both men and women However, women’s mobility has been somewhat limited and challenged in spatio-temporal terms, and partly due to socio-cultural barriers. This study attempts to understand the gender experience of a sample of public transport users and consider their aspirations and needs into daily mobility. A survey campaign (structured interviews and online questionnaires) was launched in the Dammam Metropolitan Region (DMR), taking four different types of respondents into account. The results suggest a predominant preference for taxis for shopping and leisure activities due to a poor public transport service, pivotally characterized by limited operational routes, hours, and infrastructure. This study ponders upon the adequacy of the supporting infrastructures and interior design of the public buses to women’s needs and compare them with global best practices. The results suggest that, due to the absence of a gender-responsive design and infrastructure, women are forced to use taxis, although privacy and a sense of insecurity often become concerns when traveling alone or with children. The study results allow future research to be expanded, considering women’s mobility patterns, needs, and embedded barriers by comparing the results with current transport policies, plans, and practices. |
Author | Akgün, Nurten Ahmed, Sohel Nahiduzzaman, Kh Md Campisi, Tiziana Al-Rashid, Muhammad Ahmad |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Muhammad Ahmad orcidid: 0000-0002-4858-8750 surname: Al-Rashid fullname: Al-Rashid, Muhammad Ahmad – sequence: 2 givenname: Kh Md orcidid: 0000-0002-5254-3336 surname: Nahiduzzaman fullname: Nahiduzzaman, Kh Md – sequence: 3 givenname: Sohel orcidid: 0000-0002-7189-7164 surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Sohel – sequence: 4 givenname: Tiziana orcidid: 0000-0003-4251-4838 surname: Campisi fullname: Campisi, Tiziana – sequence: 5 givenname: Nurten orcidid: 0000-0003-3888-3913 surname: Akgün fullname: Akgün, Nurten |
BookMark | eNpNkF1LwzAYhYNMcM7d-AsC3onVfDRNczmmTmGizImXJUlTzWiTmqSC_97KBH1vzsvh4Rw4x2DivDMAnGJ0SalAV3HAhGCBivIATAniOMOIocm__wjMY9yh8SjFAhdT8LoyrjYh25jYexftp4FPg2qthtsg3eiFJJP1DloH07uB17LrZAcfTAq-961N0sGNeRuJC_gsh9rCRZDKyhNw2Mg2mvmvzsDL7c12eZetH1f3y8U600SwlCmkNaW8IYogWmtBEBac8TwvOMpRXXJWEy0FronCpOAYNUowavLRMKTJFZ2Bs31uH_zHYGKqdn4IbqysCMvLsmCl4CN1vqd08DEG01R9sJ0MXxVG1c921d929BuQ4WGt |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cstp_2022_09_010 crossref_primary_10_3390_cryst11020216 crossref_primary_10_3390_su142416484 crossref_primary_10_3390_su151612548 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18010185 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13052919 crossref_primary_10_3390_s21093039 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_021_07098_z crossref_primary_10_3390_su13095257 crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_UP_1943_5444_0000727 crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2024_2340428 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13137314 crossref_primary_10_5507_tots_2021_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpubtr_2023_100050 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11625_024_01514_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11041911 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13010337 crossref_primary_10_3390_su132112075 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202342903014 crossref_primary_10_1061_JUPDDM_UPENG_4097 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15097264 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2023_104264 crossref_primary_10_3390_infrastructures6070100 crossref_primary_10_3390_su141912471 crossref_primary_10_3390_socsci10100403 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_worlddev_2024_106589 |
Cites_doi | 10.1080/17450100601106260 10.5840/jh20141311 10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00020-2 10.3390/su12187286 10.1191/030913299666161864 10.3390/ijerph16040545 10.14257/ijt.2015.3.2.08 10.3390/su11174555 10.1080/10926771.2018.1491487 10.1080/00420980500060269 10.1080/21650020.2018.1463867 10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_106-1 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102478 10.1016/j.cstp.2018.04.006 10.1080/00343408912331345672 10.21307/tp-2020-015 10.1007/978-3-030-58817-5 10.1080/17450100802658002 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.354 10.3390/su12198274 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102677 10.3390/su12072731 10.3390/su11164484 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.005 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.173 10.1080/17450101.2014.941257 10.4324/9781315584201 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 4U- ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU COVID DWQXO PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
DOI | 10.3390/su12219068 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef University Readers ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Central Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central University Readers ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Coronavirus Research Database ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central China |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: COVID name: Coronavirus Research Database url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/coronavirus sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Economics Environmental Sciences |
EISSN | 2071-1050 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_3390_su12219068 |
GeographicLocations | Saudi Arabia |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Saudi Arabia |
GroupedDBID | 29Q 2WC 4P2 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FH A8Z AAHBH AAYXX ACHQT ADBBV AENEX AFKRA AFMMW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATCPS BCNDV BENPR BHPHI CCPQU CITATION E3Z ECGQY ESTFP FRS GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ KQ8 ML. MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PATMY PIMPY PROAC PYCSY TR2 4U- ABUWG AZQEC COVID DWQXO PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-b0cc337f2b203dc920197574467040d875d2ca91d2b126710fb953e41d2e2f4b3 |
IEDL.DBID | COVID |
ISSN | 2071-1050 |
IngestDate | Thu Oct 10 17:38:49 EDT 2024 Mon Jul 29 07:40:06 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 21 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c295t-b0cc337f2b203dc920197574467040d875d2ca91d2b126710fb953e41d2e2f4b3 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-7189-7164 0000-0003-4251-4838 0000-0003-3888-3913 0000-0002-4858-8750 0000-0002-5254-3336 |
OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548865897?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
PQID | 2548865897 |
PQPubID | 2032327 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2548865897 crossref_primary_10_3390_su12219068 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2020-11-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-11-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2020 text: 2020-11-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Basel |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
PublicationTitle | Sustainability |
PublicationYear | 2020 |
Publisher | MDPI AG |
Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
References | ref_50 AlShabibi (ref_11) 2019; 23 Simms (ref_13) 2013; 13 Greed (ref_28) 2005; 42 ref_12 ref_10 Law (ref_24) 1999; 23 ref_51 ref_19 ref_18 ref_17 ref_15 Lu (ref_33) 1999; 33 Assi (ref_48) 2018; 6 Jensen (ref_14) 2009; 4 Mazumder (ref_25) 2018; 28 ref_23 ref_22 ref_20 (ref_41) 2015; 3 Maciejewska (ref_9) 2019; 79 ref_29 ref_26 Iqbal (ref_5) 2020; 84 Alotaibi (ref_39) 2018; 6 ref_36 ref_35 ref_34 ref_32 ref_30 ref_38 ref_37 (ref_1) 2007; 2 (ref_21) 2016; 14 ref_47 ref_46 ref_44 ref_43 ref_42 ref_40 Peterson (ref_45) 2020; 15 ref_2 ref_49 Shirwani (ref_27) 2020; 45 Doughty (ref_3) 2014; 11 ref_8 Richardson (ref_16) 2005; 13 ref_4 ref_7 Gordon (ref_31) 1989; 23 ref_6 |
References_xml | – volume: 2 start-page: 51 year: 2007 ident: ref_1 article-title: The Lived Experience of Transport Structure: An Exploration of Transport’s Role in People’s Lives publication-title: Mobilities doi: 10.1080/17450100601106260 – volume: 13 start-page: 6 year: 2013 ident: ref_13 article-title: Introduction: Concepts and methods in interdisciplinary feminist phenomenology publication-title: Janus Head doi: 10.5840/jh20141311 contributor: fullname: Simms – volume: 33 start-page: 1 year: 1999 ident: ref_33 article-title: Socio-demographics, activity participation and travel behavior publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pr. doi: 10.1016/S0965-8564(98)00020-2 contributor: fullname: Lu – ident: ref_49 – ident: ref_32 – ident: ref_26 – ident: ref_4 doi: 10.3390/su12187286 – volume: 23 start-page: 567 year: 1999 ident: ref_24 article-title: Beyond ‘women and transport’: Towards new geographies of gender and daily mobility publication-title: Prog. Hum. Geogr. doi: 10.1191/030913299666161864 contributor: fullname: Law – ident: ref_42 – ident: ref_35 – ident: ref_23 – ident: ref_43 doi: 10.3390/ijerph16040545 – volume: 3 start-page: 81 year: 2015 ident: ref_41 article-title: Sustainable Transportation in Saudi Arabia: Reducing Barriers and Choosing Values publication-title: Int. J. Transp. doi: 10.14257/ijt.2015.3.2.08 – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.3390/su11174555 – ident: ref_10 – volume: 28 start-page: 1017 year: 2018 ident: ref_25 article-title: Sexual Violence on Public Transportation: A Threat to Women’s Mobility in Bangladesh publication-title: J. Aggress. Maltreatment Trauma doi: 10.1080/10926771.2018.1491487 contributor: fullname: Mazumder – ident: ref_38 – ident: ref_20 – volume: 42 start-page: 719 year: 2005 ident: ref_28 article-title: Overcoming the Factors Inhibiting the Mainstreaming of Gender into Spatial Planning Policy in the United Kingdom publication-title: Urban Stud. doi: 10.1080/00420980500060269 contributor: fullname: Greed – volume: 6 start-page: 35 year: 2018 ident: ref_39 article-title: Introducing public transport and relevant strategies in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: A stakeholders’ perspective publication-title: Urban Plan. Transp. Res. doi: 10.1080/21650020.2018.1463867 contributor: fullname: Alotaibi – ident: ref_7 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_106-1 – ident: ref_30 – ident: ref_34 – volume: 79 start-page: 102478 year: 2019 ident: ref_9 article-title: Changes in gendered mobility patterns in the context of the Great Recession (2007–2012) publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102478 contributor: fullname: Maciejewska – volume: 6 start-page: 225 year: 2018 ident: ref_48 article-title: Mode choice behavior of high school goers: Evaluating logistic regression and MLP neural networks publication-title: Case Stud. Transp. Policy doi: 10.1016/j.cstp.2018.04.006 contributor: fullname: Assi – volume: 23 start-page: 499 year: 1989 ident: ref_31 article-title: Gender Differences in Metropolitan Travel Behaviour publication-title: Reg. Stud. doi: 10.1080/00343408912331345672 contributor: fullname: Gordon – volume: 15 start-page: 5 year: 2020 ident: ref_45 article-title: A case study on perceptions of public transportation in the eastern province of saudi arabia publication-title: Transp. Probl. doi: 10.21307/tp-2020-015 contributor: fullname: Peterson – ident: ref_40 – volume: 23 start-page: 11 year: 2019 ident: ref_11 article-title: A Priminalry Determination of Factors Effecting Female Travel Demand, Pattern, and Behavior in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia publication-title: Int. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. contributor: fullname: AlShabibi – ident: ref_37 – ident: ref_18 – ident: ref_44 – ident: ref_47 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58817-5 – volume: 4 start-page: 139 year: 2009 ident: ref_14 article-title: Flows of Meaning, Cultures of Movements – Urban Mobility as Meaningful Everyday Life Practice publication-title: Mobilities doi: 10.1080/17450100802658002 contributor: fullname: Jensen – volume: 14 start-page: 4324 year: 2016 ident: ref_21 article-title: Gender and Age Differences in the Travel Behavior–A Novi Sad Case Study publication-title: Transp. Res. Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.354 – ident: ref_6 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.3390/su12198274 – volume: 84 start-page: 102677 year: 2020 ident: ref_5 article-title: The effects of gender transport poverty in Karachi publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102677 contributor: fullname: Iqbal – ident: ref_50 – ident: ref_2 – ident: ref_51 doi: 10.3390/su12072731 – ident: ref_12 – ident: ref_46 doi: 10.3390/su11164484 – ident: ref_15 – volume: 13 start-page: 29 year: 2005 ident: ref_16 article-title: Sustainable transport: Analysis frameworks publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.005 contributor: fullname: Richardson – volume: 45 start-page: 16287 year: 2020 ident: ref_27 article-title: Control of vehicular emission using innovative energy solutions comprising of hydrogen for transportation sector in Pakistan: A case study of Lahore City publication-title: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.173 contributor: fullname: Shirwani – volume: 11 start-page: 303 year: 2014 ident: ref_3 article-title: Discourses of Mobility: Institutions, Everyday Lives and Embodiment publication-title: Mobilities doi: 10.1080/17450101.2014.941257 contributor: fullname: Doughty – ident: ref_29 doi: 10.4324/9781315584201 – ident: ref_36 – ident: ref_19 – ident: ref_22 |
SSID | ssj0000331916 |
Score | 2.4268856 |
Snippet | The limited availability of public transportation in Saudi Arabia leads to an increased demand for private vehicles. An increase in using private cars does not... |
SourceID | proquest crossref |
SourceType | Aggregation Database |
StartPage | 9068 |
SubjectTerms | Air quality Automobiles Best practice Energy consumption Gender Inequality Infrastructure Interior design Metropolitan areas Mobility Privacy Public transportation Recreation Sex crimes Subsidies Sustainability Sustainable use Travel Urban planning Women |
Title | Gender-Responsive Public Transportation in the Dammam Metropolitan Region, Saudi Arabia |
URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548865897 |
Volume | 12 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LbxMxEB6R5EAvFEIj0pbIEhzZdNfel08I2oSAlIACobmt_JQilKQ0Gw78esa73gQ4cOC63oPlGc9833geAC_jzOY6lHEguXtmtAkLcmNEkOmEWhElVlFXjTydpZNF_GGZLH3AbefTKhubWBlqvVUuRn6FRCbP0V3y7PXd98BNjXKvq36ERgs6LEem04bO9cev728OUZaQoYpFad2XlCG_R_lGFG9p6Hqr_u6J_jTElXcZn0LR7KtOKvk23JdyqH7-1bLx_zf-GB554Ene1JryBB6YTRceNnXJuy70RseaN_zRX_rdU7itx80Fc59O-8OQOthHDp3RK_GS1YYgnCQ3Yr0WazI1ZTWBYYXwk8yNy3t-RT6LvV7hJoRciTNYjEdfrieBn8cQKMqTMpChUoxllkoaMq04YgeeJRkSygxNgUbmo6kSPNJURjRF6GIlT5iJ8YOhNpasB-3NdmOeAbFJakUupHKT2RHk5WGWci15anMumeJ9eNHIprir224USFecBIujBPtw2Rx54a_erjie9_m_ly_ghDryXBUWXkK7vN-b54gwSjmAztvR7NN84NVpAK13y-gXdkXXFg |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,21416,27955,27956,33777,38549,43838,43928,74657,74767 |
linkProvider | ProQuest |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JT9tAFH4q4QCXQllEILQj0SMGe8bbnCqUgJJCqMR-s2aVIpSlxOmhv75v7DGBHnro1ePD07zte2_eAvA1zmyuQxkHkrtnRpuwIDdGBJlOqBVRYhV13cjD67R_H39_Sp58wm3uyyobm1gZaj1VLkd-ioFMnqO75Nm32c_AbY1yr6t-hcYKrKJjpXkLVrs_Hga91yxLyFDEorSeS8owvkf-RhS1NHSzVd96oveGuPIuFxtQNHTVRSXPJ4tSnqjff41s_H_CN-GjB57krJaUT_DBTLZgrelLnm_B7vmy5w1_9Eo_34bHet1ccOPLaX8ZUif7yOtk9Iq9ZDQhCCdJT4zHYkyGpqw2MIwQfpIb4-qej8mtWOgREiHkSOzA_cX5Xbcf-H0MgaI8KQMZKsVYZqmkIdOKI3bgWZJhQJmhKdAY-WiqBI80lRFNEbpYyRNmYvxgqI0l24XWZDoxe0BsklqRC6ncZnYEeXmYpVxLntqcS6Z4G44a3hSzeuxGgeGK42Cx5GAbOs2VF1715sXyvvf_ffwF1vp3w6vianB9eQDr1AXSVZNhB1rly8IcItoo5WcvUn8A1FzXcg |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9NAEB7RRKJcWihEDQS6EhxxY-_6tSdUJY3aQgsqBHKz9ilZUR4Qpwd-PbP2ugEOnLjaPqx3Zme-b3YeAG_izOY6lHEgubtmtAkLcmNEkOmEWhElVlFXjXx9k15M46tZMvP5TxufVtnaxNpQ65VyMfIhEpk8R3fJs6H1aRGfxpN36--BmyDlblr9OI096CJETpGIdUcfv16O7yMuIUN1i9KmRylDro-yjiie2ND1Wf3dK_1plGtPMzmEebvGJsFkfrqt5Kn6-Vf7xv_zE4_hwANSctZo0BN4YJZHsN_WK2-OoHe-q4XDD70x2DyFb80YuuDWp9neGdIEAcl9x_Ra7KRcEoSZZCwWC7Eg16aqJzOUCEvJrXH50G_JZ7HVJS5CyFI8g-nk_MvoIvBzGgJFeVIFMlSKscxSSUOmFUdMwbMkQ6KZoYnQyIg0VYJHmsqIpghprOQJMzE-MNTGkvWgs1wtzTEQm6RW5EIqN7EdwV8eZinXkqc255Ip3ofXrZyKddOOo0Aa46RZ7KTZh0G7_YU_kptit_fP__36BB6iUIoPlzfvX8Aj6vh1XXs4gE71Y2teIgip5CuvXb8AqJDgNQ |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gender-Responsive+Public+Transportation+in+the+Dammam+Metropolitan+Region%2C+Saudi+Arabia&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.au=Muhammad+Ahmad+Al-Rashid&rft.au=Kh+Md+Nahiduzzaman&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Sohel&rft.au=Campisi%2C+Tiziana&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2071-1050&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=9068&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu12219068&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |