Application of Time-Lapse Ion Exchange Resin Sachets (TIERS) for Detecting Illegal Effluent Discharge in Mixed Industrial and Agricultural Areas, Taiwan
Many factories were built and scattered around the farmlands in Taiwan due to inappropriate land use planning. Illegal effluent discharge of high concentration of metals from the nearby factories has been threatening the farmlands, causing damages to agricultural production, food safety, and human h...
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| Published in | Sustainability Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 3129 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.06.2019
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| Abstract | Many factories were built and scattered around the farmlands in Taiwan due to inappropriate land use planning. Illegal effluent discharge of high concentration of metals from the nearby factories has been threatening the farmlands, causing damages to agricultural production, food safety, and human health. Sampling was mostly responsible for monitoring the water quality of the agricultural environment; however, the analysis is of high cost and time consuming. Due to uneasy controlled environmental factors (i.e., illegal effluents) and time-consuming and expensive traditional analysis techniques (i.e., atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)), we develop a fast-screening method, which is the combination of ion exchange resins and the portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to identify the source of contaminants in a mixed industrial and agricultural area in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The time-lapse ion exchange resin sachet (TIERS) is a non-woven bag that is filled with resins and placed in the irrigation channels for continuously absorbing the metal and trace elements in water. The standardization ratios of Cu/Sr and Zn/Sr were calculated as the pollutant indicators for fast-screening the highly polluted sites of exceedance probability of 2.27% in the monitoring area. The TIERS is verified to detect the metal and trace element concentration in an efficient and sufficient way. |
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| AbstractList | Many factories were built and scattered around the farmlands in Taiwan due to inappropriate land use planning. Illegal effluent discharge of high concentration of metals from the nearby factories has been threatening the farmlands, causing damages to agricultural production, food safety, and human health. Sampling was mostly responsible for monitoring the water quality of the agricultural environment; however, the analysis is of high cost and time consuming. Due to uneasy controlled environmental factors (i.e., illegal effluents) and time-consuming and expensive traditional analysis techniques (i.e., atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)), we develop a fast-screening method, which is the combination of ion exchange resins and the portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to identify the source of contaminants in a mixed industrial and agricultural area in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The time-lapse ion exchange resin sachet (TIERS) is a non-woven bag that is filled with resins and placed in the irrigation channels for continuously absorbing the metal and trace elements in water. The standardization ratios of Cu/Sr and Zn/Sr were calculated as the pollutant indicators for fast-screening the highly polluted sites of exceedance probability of 2.27% in the monitoring area. The TIERS is verified to detect the metal and trace element concentration in an efficient and sufficient way. Many studies have been done to determine the soil pollutant concentrations by using XRF techniques [35,38,39,40]. [...]the ion exchange method has been widely used for water purification and wastewater treatment, especially in the recycling process of Chromium(III), Copper(II) sulfate, and Nickel(II) sulfate from the electroplating effluents [41,42,43]. [...]the ratio of Sr to Ca is often discussed in marine elements, coral skeletons, and fish gill for the isotope dating and the impact of climate change [53,54,55]. [...]the ratio of Sr to Ca was calculated to ensure the stability in the monitoring sites and further determine the reference element for eliminating the flow effect on metal accumulation in resin. 3. Studies have shown that the desorption processes could influence the fate of trace elements in natural environment [68,69], and the emission source and aging time in the soil could influence the reactive fraction of metals [70]. [...]the ratio between natural suspended particulate matter (SPM) and solution, the aging effect of the complex, and the combination of sorption and desorption times should be considered when studying the sorption and desorption kinetics of the trace elements [71,72,73]. [...]the mean and median of the Zn and Cu concentrations in the second batch were expected to be higher than those in the first batch. [...]it was found that the variations of Zn and Cu concentrations (standard deviation: 21.33 mg/kg and 170.85 mg/kg, respectively) in the third sampling batch were the greatest when compared to the first and second batches (Table 4). |
| Author | Shih, Po-Kang Chiang, Li-Chi Chang, Tsun-Kuo Lin, Sheng-Chi Hsu, Wei-Chan |
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| Snippet | Many factories were built and scattered around the farmlands in Taiwan due to inappropriate land use planning. Illegal effluent discharge of high concentration... Many studies have been done to determine the soil pollutant concentrations by using XRF techniques [35,38,39,40]. [...]the ion exchange method has been widely... |
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| SubjectTerms | Effluents Food chains Food contamination & poisoning Freshwater resources Groundwater Heavy metal content Heavy metals Kinetics Land use Methods Pollutants Pollution Public health Resins Salinity Scientific imaging Sewage irrigation Soil contamination Sustainability Trace elements |
| Title | Application of Time-Lapse Ion Exchange Resin Sachets (TIERS) for Detecting Illegal Effluent Discharge in Mixed Industrial and Agricultural Areas, Taiwan |
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