Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Performance: Viewpoint of Middle Management
Achievement-oriented leaders let their followers know their expectations. They regularly set clear goals with potential high-performance standards, they trust in the capabilities of their subordinates, and they encourage the continued performance improvement of their subordinates. This investigation...
Saved in:
| Published in | Sustainability Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 3390 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.04.2020
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Achievement-oriented leaders let their followers know their expectations. They regularly set clear goals with potential high-performance standards, they trust in the capabilities of their subordinates, and they encourage the continued performance improvement of their subordinates. This investigation studied the effects of private secondary school principals’ leadership styles on teachers’ job performance. Four leadership styles outlined in the path–goal theory and five key performance indicators (KPIs) of teacher job performance were chosen for the present research. Numerous prior studies have documented this subject. However, they reported on teacher job performance as a single unit. Therefore, a concerted effort was required to examine the effects of adopted principal leadership styles on each of the five key performance indicators of teacher job performance. A total of 253 middle management personnel took part in this empirical study. The correlation findings from the structural equation modeling revealed that the directive leadership style had a significant effect on teacher job performance in the studied schools, followed by the supportive and achievement-oriented leadership styles. Conversely, although participative leadership was identified as a significant predictor, it was not considered a promising predictor of teacher job performance. This research was conducted in a non-Western culture, where directive leadership is beneficial for encouraging teacher job performance; this claim is greatly supported by the available rigorous literature. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Achievement-oriented leaders let their followers know their expectations. They regularly set clear goals with potential high-performance standards, they trust in the capabilities of their subordinates, and they encourage the continued performance improvement of their subordinates. This investigation studied the effects of private secondary school principals’ leadership styles on teachers’ job performance. Four leadership styles outlined in the path–goal theory and five key performance indicators (KPIs) of teacher job performance were chosen for the present research. Numerous prior studies have documented this subject. However, they reported on teacher job performance as a single unit. Therefore, a concerted effort was required to examine the effects of adopted principal leadership styles on each of the five key performance indicators of teacher job performance. A total of 253 middle management personnel took part in this empirical study. The correlation findings from the structural equation modeling revealed that the directive leadership style had a significant effect on teacher job performance in the studied schools, followed by the supportive and achievement-oriented leadership styles. Conversely, although participative leadership was identified as a significant predictor, it was not considered a promising predictor of teacher job performance. This research was conducted in a non-Western culture, where directive leadership is beneficial for encouraging teacher job performance; this claim is greatly supported by the available rigorous literature. |
| Author | Rao, Congman Saleem, Atif Aslam, Sarfraz Yin, Hong-biao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Atif orcidid: 0000-0002-7595-842X surname: Saleem fullname: Saleem, Atif – sequence: 2 givenname: Sarfraz orcidid: 0000-0001-7414-7572 surname: Aslam fullname: Aslam, Sarfraz – sequence: 3 givenname: Hong-biao orcidid: 0000-0001-5424-587X surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Hong-biao – sequence: 4 givenname: Congman surname: Rao fullname: Rao, Congman |
| BookMark | eNptkF9LwzAUxYNMcM69-AkCvgnVpEnbxTcZ_mXDgVMfS5rcuowuqUmK7NvbMUERz8s9D79zD5xjNLDOAkKnlFwwJshl6GhKJjt7gIYpKWhCSUYGv_wRGoewJr0Yo4LmQ_S28MYq08oGz0Bq8GFlWvwctw0ELK3GS5BqBR4_ugovwNfOb6RVcIVfDXy2ztiIXY3nRusG8Fxa-Q4bsPEEHdayCTD-viP0cnuznN4ns6e7h-n1LFGpyGJC61wAERlUUopMk4nKFVe80gBaqYwXTNWSc1KRQnKdilppRfNiQinLKsaAjdDZ_m_r3UcHIZZr13nbV5YpEzznNM2LniJ7SnkXgoe6VCbKaJyNXpqmpKTczVb-LNhHzv9EWm820m__g78AqW9zKA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_23887_ivcej_v7i1_75536 crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2024_2350111 crossref_primary_10_23887_jipp_v6i3_56703 crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci15010062 crossref_primary_10_38124_ijisrt_IJISRT24JUL506 crossref_primary_10_46245_ijorer_v5i2_575 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_024_06090_6 crossref_primary_10_1515_edu_2024_0009 crossref_primary_10_37669_milliegitim_1178130 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_26304_x crossref_primary_10_1080_10941665_2021_1886131 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_025_02415_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_944145 crossref_primary_10_58763_rc2025351 crossref_primary_10_1108_IJSHE_05_2021_0198 crossref_primary_10_37354_riee_2024_237 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10389_023_01998_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssaho_2023_100744 crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2023_1171513 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1077357 crossref_primary_10_23887_jpp_v57i3_83136 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_919693 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_1065545 crossref_primary_10_70838_pemj_330908 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_13861 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_16435 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actpsy_2025_104846 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tate_2024_104819 crossref_primary_10_69569_jip_2024_0324 crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440211055724 crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2022_814159 crossref_primary_10_5817_SP2024_1_3 crossref_primary_10_23887_jisd_v7i4_60626 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15021675 crossref_primary_10_54097_e1xpw619 crossref_primary_10_70838_pemj_331009 crossref_primary_10_1080_13603124_2023_2234329 crossref_primary_10_1108_JHOM_03_2024_0104 crossref_primary_10_3390_su132112324 crossref_primary_10_1080_03323315_2025_2479439 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_1096151 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_919941 crossref_primary_10_51867_ajernet_5_4_145 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e36438 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_5018194 crossref_primary_10_46245_ijorer_v5i3_589 crossref_primary_10_70641_ajbds_v1i2_100 crossref_primary_10_37394_232015_2021_17_113 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1002/9781119019855 10.4324/9781315757421 10.4324/9780203971055 10.5897/IJEAPS12.036 10.1080/10705510903008220 10.1108/09578239910275472 10.4324/9781315765181 10.1177/1741143218764178 10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90024-7 10.2307/2391905 10.1080/0305006042000274872 10.4135/9781071800898 10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5 10.1016/j.tate.2011.01.006 10.1080/02602938.2014.880107 10.1080/03050060027737 10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00047-X 10.4324/9780203771587 10.1080/09243453.2012.678863 10.1177/0013161X05279448 10.1016/0030-5073(70)90021-8 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 10.1108/09578239610148287 10.1080/10705519909540118 10.1080/13632430050011425 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 10.1177/0013161X98034004006 10.1007/978-94-6209-332-4 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 4U- ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
| DOI | 10.3390/su12083390 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef University Readers ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database University Readers ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Environmental Sciences |
| EISSN | 2071-1050 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_3390_su12083390 |
| GroupedDBID | 29Q 2WC 4P2 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FH A8Z AAHBH AAYXX ACHQT ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFKRA AFMMW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION E3Z ECGQY FRS GX1 KQ8 ML. MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC TR2 4U- ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-1f69e095ebaa95d08c6c4c4bdeedcc5473cfa440b07a4d29fcdc16781135b33e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISSN | 2071-1050 |
| IngestDate | Mon Jun 30 11:11:52 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:06:44 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:07:17 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 8 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c295t-1f69e095ebaa95d08c6c4c4bdeedcc5473cfa440b07a4d29fcdc16781135b33e3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7414-7572 0000-0002-7595-842X 0000-0001-5424-587X |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2394641267?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PQID | 2394641267 |
| PQPubID | 2032327 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2394641267 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_su12083390 crossref_primary_10_3390_su12083390 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2020 text: 2020-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Sustainability |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | ref_50 ref_14 Walker (ref_64) 2012; 23 ref_13 ref_57 ref_12 ref_11 ref_10 Somech (ref_28) 2005; 41 ref_54 House (ref_5) 1971; 16 ref_52 Basit (ref_60) 2017; 5 ref_19 Mulaik (ref_56) 1989; 105 Evans (ref_4) 1970; 5 ref_18 ref_17 ref_16 Imhangbe (ref_26) 2018; 47 ref_15 Wachira (ref_27) 2017; 6 Hallinger (ref_73) 2000; 20 Lassibille (ref_68) 2000; 36 Adeyemi (ref_58) 2010; 2 ref_25 ref_24 ref_23 Ozuruoke (ref_61) 2011; 1 ref_22 ref_21 ref_65 ref_20 Machumu (ref_31) 2014; 6 Hu (ref_53) 1999; 6 ref_63 Isaac (ref_2) 2001; 13 (ref_59) 2012; 2 Dimmock (ref_67) 1998; 34 Aziri (ref_32) 2011; 3 ref_36 House (ref_8) 1996; 7 ref_35 Euwema (ref_62) 2007; 28 ref_34 ref_33 ref_30 Cohen (ref_51) 1992; 112 Yin (ref_43) 2014; 39 ref_39 MacCallum (ref_55) 1997; 32 ref_38 House (ref_7) 1974; 3 Oplatka (ref_69) 2004; 40 Likert (ref_42) 1932; 22 Okoji (ref_29) 2016; 8 ref_47 ref_46 ref_45 Brown (ref_37) 1999; 37 ref_41 Lee (ref_44) 2011; 27 ref_1 Malik (ref_70) 2016; 54 ref_3 Heck (ref_66) 1996; 34 Uyterhoeven (ref_72) 1989; 67 Marsh (ref_40) 2009; 16 Barnes (ref_71) 2001; 21 ref_49 ref_48 ref_9 ref_6 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_49 – volume: 67 start-page: 136 year: 1989 ident: ref_72 article-title: General managers in the middle publication-title: Harv. Bus. Rev. – volume: 6 start-page: 72 year: 2017 ident: ref_27 article-title: Effect of Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Job Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Kieni West Sub-County publication-title: IJHSSI – ident: ref_16 – ident: ref_65 – ident: ref_1 – volume: 3 start-page: 77 year: 2011 ident: ref_32 article-title: Job satisfaction: A literature review publication-title: Manag. Res. Pract. – ident: ref_35 – ident: ref_23 – ident: ref_12 doi: 10.1002/9781119019855 – ident: ref_47 doi: 10.4324/9781315757421 – volume: 54 start-page: 385 year: 2016 ident: ref_70 article-title: Effect of leadership styles on organizational citizenship behaviour in employees of telecom sector in Pakistan publication-title: Pak. Econ. Soc. Rev. – volume: 13 start-page: 212 year: 2001 ident: ref_2 article-title: Leadership and motivation: The effective application of expectancy theory publication-title: J. Manag. Issues – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.4324/9780203971055 – volume: 1 start-page: 149 year: 2011 ident: ref_61 article-title: Leadership style and business educators’ job performance in senior secondary schools in a changing environment publication-title: J. Educ. Soc. Res. – volume: 6 start-page: 53 year: 2014 ident: ref_31 article-title: Influence of leadership styles on teachers’ job satisfaction: A case of selected primary schools in songea and morogoro districts, Tanzania publication-title: Int. J. Educ. Adm. Policy Stud. doi: 10.5897/IJEAPS12.036 – volume: 16 start-page: 439 year: 2009 ident: ref_40 article-title: Exploratory structural equation modeling, integrating CFA and EFA: Application to students’ evaluations of university teaching publication-title: Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. doi: 10.1080/10705510903008220 – ident: ref_48 – ident: ref_10 – volume: 37 start-page: 229 year: 1999 ident: ref_37 article-title: A re-appraisal of the role of the head of department in UK secondary schools publication-title: J. Educ. Adm. doi: 10.1108/09578239910275472 – ident: ref_41 – ident: ref_13 – ident: ref_15 doi: 10.4324/9781315765181 – ident: ref_38 – ident: ref_17 – ident: ref_45 – volume: 47 start-page: 909 year: 2018 ident: ref_26 article-title: Principals’ leadership styles and teachers’ job performance: Evidence from Edo State, Nigeria publication-title: Educ. Manag. Adm. Leadersh. doi: 10.1177/1741143218764178 – ident: ref_20 – volume: 5 start-page: 2289 year: 2017 ident: ref_60 article-title: Impact of leadership style on employee performance (A Case study on a private organization in Malaysia) publication-title: Int. J. Account. Bus. Manag. – volume: 7 start-page: 323 year: 1996 ident: ref_8 article-title: Path-goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory publication-title: Leadersh. Q. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90024-7 – volume: 28 start-page: 1035 year: 2007 ident: ref_62 article-title: Leadership styles and group organizational citizenship behavior across cultures publication-title: J. Organ. Behav. Int. J. Ind. Occup. Organ. Psychol. Behav. – volume: 16 start-page: 321 year: 1971 ident: ref_5 article-title: A path goal theory of leader effectiveness publication-title: Adm. Sci. Q. doi: 10.2307/2391905 – ident: ref_30 – volume: 2 start-page: 46 year: 2012 ident: ref_59 article-title: The influence of principals’ leadership styles on secondary school teachers’ job satisfaction publication-title: J. Educ. Soc. Res. – ident: ref_3 – ident: ref_24 – ident: ref_34 – volume: 2 start-page: 83 year: 2010 ident: ref_58 article-title: Principals leadership styles and teachers job performance in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria publication-title: Int. J. Educ. Adm. Policy Stud. – volume: 40 start-page: 427 year: 2004 ident: ref_69 article-title: The principalship in developing countries: Context, characteristics and reality publication-title: Comp. Educ. doi: 10.1080/0305006042000274872 – ident: ref_11 – ident: ref_9 doi: 10.4135/9781071800898 – volume: 32 start-page: 193 year: 1997 ident: ref_55 article-title: Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI publication-title: Multivar. Behav. Res. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5 – ident: ref_14 – ident: ref_63 – volume: 27 start-page: 820 year: 2011 ident: ref_44 article-title: A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community, faculty trust in colleagues and collective efficacy on teacher commitment to students publication-title: Teach. Teach. Educ. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2011.01.006 – ident: ref_18 – volume: 39 start-page: 949 year: 2014 ident: ref_43 article-title: Unmasking the teaching quality of higher education: Students’ course experience and approaches to learning in China publication-title: Assess. Eval. High. Educ. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2014.880107 – ident: ref_21 – volume: 36 start-page: 7 year: 2000 ident: ref_68 article-title: Organisation and efficiency of education systems: Some empirical findings publication-title: Comp. Educ. doi: 10.1080/03050060027737 – volume: 21 start-page: 293 year: 2001 ident: ref_71 article-title: Developing manufacturing competitiveness within South African industry: The role of middle management publication-title: Technovation doi: 10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00047-X – ident: ref_52 doi: 10.4324/9780203771587 – volume: 23 start-page: 369 year: 2012 ident: ref_64 article-title: Principal leadership in China: An initial review publication-title: Sch. Eff. Sch. Improv. doi: 10.1080/09243453.2012.678863 – ident: ref_6 – ident: ref_25 – ident: ref_50 – volume: 41 start-page: 777 year: 2005 ident: ref_28 article-title: Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness publication-title: Educ. Adm. Q. doi: 10.1177/0013161X05279448 – volume: 5 start-page: 277 year: 1970 ident: ref_4 article-title: The effects of supervisory behavior on the path-goal relationship publication-title: Organ. Behav. Hum. Perform. doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(70)90021-8 – ident: ref_33 – ident: ref_54 – volume: 22 start-page: 55 year: 1932 ident: ref_42 article-title: A technique for the measurement of attitudes publication-title: Arch. Psychol. – volume: 105 start-page: 430 year: 1989 ident: ref_56 article-title: Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models publication-title: Psychol. Bull. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430 – volume: 8 start-page: 27 year: 2016 ident: ref_29 article-title: Relationship between secondary school principals’ leadership style and teachers’ job performance in selected rural communities of Ondo State, Nigeria publication-title: Ann. Modern Educ. – ident: ref_46 – volume: 34 start-page: 74 year: 1996 ident: ref_66 article-title: Leadership and culture. Conceptual and methodological issues in comparing models across cultural settings publication-title: J. Educ. Adm. doi: 10.1108/09578239610148287 – volume: 6 start-page: 1 year: 1999 ident: ref_53 article-title: Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives publication-title: Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118 – volume: 20 start-page: 189 year: 2000 ident: ref_73 article-title: Educational change in Thailand: Opening a window onto leadership as a cultural process publication-title: Sch. Leadersh. Manag. doi: 10.1080/13632430050011425 – ident: ref_36 – volume: 112 start-page: 155 year: 1992 ident: ref_51 article-title: A power primer publication-title: Psychol. Bull. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 – volume: 3 start-page: 81 year: 1974 ident: ref_7 article-title: Path–goal theory of leadership publication-title: J. Contemp. Bus. – volume: 34 start-page: 558 year: 1998 ident: ref_67 article-title: Comparative educational administration: Developing a cross-cultural conceptual framework publication-title: Educ. Adm. Q. doi: 10.1177/0013161X98034004006 – ident: ref_22 – ident: ref_57 – ident: ref_39 doi: 10.1007/978-94-6209-332-4 |
| SSID | ssj0000331916 |
| Score | 2.3934133 |
| Snippet | Achievement-oriented leaders let their followers know their expectations. They regularly set clear goals with potential high-performance standards, they trust... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 3390 |
| SubjectTerms | Classrooms Decision making Educational leadership Learning Middle management School principals Students Sustainability Teachers Teaching |
| Title | Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Performance: Viewpoint of Middle Management |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2394641267 |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV07T8MwED7RdoAFQaGiUCpLsDBEJLHzMAsC1FJVtKqAQrfIdhwJqUoKCQP_HjtxG5AQa3JL7ux7fLm7D-CcMZsHXFWqnrQ9ixDOLMZDaknBPR6GQkUNPeA8mfqjORkvvIUB3HLTVrn2iaWjjjOhMfJLTeHtE8f1g-vVu6VZo_TfVUOh0YCWcsGhKr5at4Pp7HGDsthYHTHHr_aSYlXfK_s6rko7sHbCPyPRb0dcRpfhHuyatBDdVHbchy2ZtmF7PTWct6EzqCfSlKC5kvkBvM4quFw9fNi0JaOn4mspc8TSGJmdzWiccTSrxwSu0Iv64FX2lhYoS9CkBCpQ3Q1zCPPh4PluZBm2BEu41CssJ_GpVAmT5IxRL7ZD4QsiCI9VFBRCUwyLhBFicztgJHZpImLh-HrQFHscY4k70EyzVB4BUklLSPTWFkwZwdxhTIiExhr0pElCgy5crDUXCbNKXDNaLCNVUmjVRrWWu3C2kV1VCzT-lOqtDRCZS5RHtcmP_399AjuuLoPLhpoeNIuPT3mqcoWC982B6EPjfuF8A3CewfA |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LS8QwEB50PehFfOLbgHrwUGybtNsIIj5WVt1dFt-3mqQpCNKutiL-KX-jk227VRBvXtuhh8mXeXW-GYBtIWzZlJipetr2LMaksIQMuKWV9GQQKPQahuDc7fntW3bx4D2MwWfFhTFtlZVNHBrqKFWmRr5nVnj7zHH95uHgxTJbo8zf1WqFRgGLS_3xjilbdnB-iue747pnrZuTtlVuFbCUy73ccmKfawwstBSCe5EdKF8xxWSE3kIps4pXxYIxW9pNwSKXxypSjm8ImdSTlGqK3x2HCUYxlWnAxHGr178aVXVsipB2_GIOKqXcRjw5LoY51Bj9757vp-EferOzGZguw1ByVOBmFsZ0MgeTFUs5m4PFVs2AQ8HSBGTzcN8vyvP4sDNqgybX-cezzohIIlLOiCYXqST9mpawT-5QwYP0KclJGpPusDBC6u6bBbj9Fz0uQiNJE70EBIOkgJkpMZQLRqUjhFIxj0yRlccxby7DbqW5UJWjy80GjecQUxij2rDW8jJsjWQHxcCOX6XWqgMIy0ubhTXEVv5-vQmT7ZtuJ-yc9y5XYco1KfiwmWcNGvnrm17HOCWXGyU4CDz-Nx6_AG5J_3g |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6FRCpcEKRELYSyEu2Bg1Xbu34sUoWgTZT0EVlAIDd3d72WkCo7YCOUv9Zfx6wfMUiIW672yIfZb-fl-WYAjoWwZSAxU_W07VmMSWEJGXJLK-nJMFToNQzB-Wbhz5bscuWtenDfcmFMW2VrEytDneTK1MhPzQpvnzmuH5ymTVtEdDF9t_5umQ1S5k9ru06jhsiV3vzC9K04m1_gWZ-47nTy-XxmNRsGLOVyr7Sc1OcagwwtheBeYofKV0wxmaDnUMqs5VWpYMyWdiBY4vJUJcrxDTmTepJSTfG7D2AQYFZk92HwYbKIPm4rPDZFeDt-PROVUm4jthwXQx5qHMCfXvBvJ1B5tukTeNyEpOR9jaGn0NPZEB62jOViCKNJx4ZDwcYcFPvwNapL9fjwetsSTT6VmztdEJElpJkXTS5zSaKOovCWfEFlr_NvWUnylNxURRLSdeI8g-VO9DiCfpZn-gAIBkwhMxNjKBeMSkcIpVKemIIrT1MeHMKbVnOxasaYm20adzGmM0a1caflQ3i9lV3Xwzv-KTVuDyBuLnARd3B7_v_Xr2APcRhfzxdXL-CRa7Lxqq9nDP3yx0_9EkOWUh412CBwu2s4_gbYcAO8 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Principal+Leadership+Styles+and+Teacher+Job+Performance%3A+Viewpoint+of+Middle+Management&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Atif&rft.au=Aslam%2C+Sarfraz&rft.au=Hong-biao+Yin&rft.au=Rao%2C+Congman&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2071-1050&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3390&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu12083390&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |