STAR-RIS-Enabled Secure Dual-Functional Radar-Communications: Joint Waveform and Reflective Beamforming Optimization

Considering a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS)-aided dual-functional radar-communications (DFRC) system, this paper proposes a symbol-level precoding-based scheme for concurrent securing confidential information transmission and performing tar...

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Published in	IEEE transactions on information forensics and security Vol. 18; pp. 4577 - 4592
Main Authors	Wang, Chao, Wang, Cheng-Cai, Li, Zan, Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan, Wong, Kai-Kit, Al-Dhahir, Naofal, Niyato, Dusit
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	New York IEEE 2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects	Algorithms Beamforming Design optimization distance-majorization dual-functional radarcommunication Interference Optimization Precoding Radar Radar targets Security Sensors Signal reflection STAR-RIS symbol-level precoding Symbols Systems design Waveforms
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Abstract	Considering a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS)-aided dual-functional radar-communications (DFRC) system, this paper proposes a symbol-level precoding-based scheme for concurrent securing confidential information transmission and performing target sensing, where the public signals intended for multiple unclassified users are exploited to deceive the multiple potential malicious radar targets. Specifically, the STAR-RIS-aided DFRC system design is formulated as a joint optimization problem that determines the transmission waveform signal, the transmission and reflection coefficients of STAR-RIS. The objective is to maximize the average received radar sensing power subject to the quality-of-service constraints for multiple communication users, the security constraint for multiple potential eavesdroppers, as well as various practical waveform design restrictions. However, the formulated problem is challenging to handle due to its nonconvexity. Furthermore, the high dimensionality of the optimization variables also renders existing optimization algorithms inefficient. To address these issues, we propose a distance-majorization induced low-complexity algorithm to obtain an efficient solution, which converts the nonconvex joint design problem into a sequence of subproblems that can be solved in closed-form, relieving the required high computational burden of the conventional approaches, e.g., the interior point method. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the STAR-RIS in improving the DFRC performance. Besides, by comparing with the state-of-the-art alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, simulation results validate the efficiency of our proposed optimization algorithm and show that it enjoys excellent scalability for different number of T-R elements equipped at the STAR-RIS.
AbstractList	Considering a simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS)-aided dual-functional radar-communications (DFRC) system, this paper proposes a symbol-level precoding-based scheme for concurrent securing confidential information transmission and performing target sensing, where the public signals intended for multiple unclassified users are exploited to deceive the multiple potential malicious radar targets. Specifically, the STAR-RIS-aided DFRC system design is formulated as a joint optimization problem that determines the transmission waveform signal, the transmission and reflection coefficients of STAR-RIS. The objective is to maximize the average received radar sensing power subject to the quality-of-service constraints for multiple communication users, the security constraint for multiple potential eavesdroppers, as well as various practical waveform design restrictions. However, the formulated problem is challenging to handle due to its nonconvexity. Furthermore, the high dimensionality of the optimization variables also renders existing optimization algorithms inefficient. To address these issues, we propose a distance-majorization induced low-complexity algorithm to obtain an efficient solution, which converts the nonconvex joint design problem into a sequence of subproblems that can be solved in closed-form, relieving the required high computational burden of the conventional approaches, e.g., the interior point method. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the STAR-RIS in improving the DFRC performance. Besides, by comparing with the state-of-the-art alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, simulation results validate the efficiency of our proposed optimization algorithm and show that it enjoys excellent scalability for different number of T-R elements equipped at the STAR-RIS.
Author	Wang, Chao Li, Zan Niyato, Dusit Wong, Kai-Kit Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Wang, Cheng-Cai Al-Dhahir, Naofal
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Chao orcidid: 0000-0003-0187-6453 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chao email: drchaowang@126.com organization: Integrated Service Networks Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Cheng-Cai orcidid: 0000-0002-8937-6199 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Cheng-Cai email: ccwang@pku.edu.cn organization: School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Zan orcidid: 0000-0002-5207-6504 surname: Li fullname: Li, Zan organization: Integrated Service Networks Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Derrick Wing Kwan orcidid: 0000-0001-6400-712X surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan email: w.k.ng@unsw.edu.au organization: School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Kai-Kit orcidid: 0000-0001-7521-0078 surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Kai-Kit email: kai-kit.wong@ucl.ac.uk organization: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K – sequence: 6 givenname: Naofal orcidid: 0000-0001-9894-8382 surname: Al-Dhahir fullname: Al-Dhahir, Naofal email: aldhahir@utdallas.edu organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Dusit orcidid: 0000-0002-7442-7416 surname: Niyato fullname: Niyato, Dusit email: dniyato@ntu.edu.sg organization: School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Beamforming Design optimization distance-majorization dual-functional radarcommunication Interference Optimization Precoding Radar Radar targets Security Sensors Signal reflection STAR-RIS symbol-level precoding Symbols Systems design Waveforms
Title	STAR-RIS-Enabled Secure Dual-Functional Radar-Communications: Joint Waveform and Reflective Beamforming Optimization
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