Thermosetting resin based on epoxidised linseed oil and bio-derived crosslinker
Thermosetting resins were synthesised from epoxidised linseed oil (ELO) in combination with a bio-derived diacid cross linker (Pripol 1009) in the presence of amine catalysts (triethylamine (TEA), 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and...
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Published in | Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 14; no. 6; pp. 1759 - 1765 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cambridge
Royal Society of Chemistry
01.06.2012
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Abstract | Thermosetting resins were synthesised from epoxidised linseed oil (ELO) in combination with a bio-derived diacid cross linker (Pripol 1009) in the presence of amine catalysts (triethylamine (TEA), 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), yielding a 99.5% bio-derived, highly flexible transparent film, with significant water resistance. It was demonstrated that the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting films were significantly influenced by the type of amine catalyst selected. The use of catalysts significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the films; tensile strength improved by up to 545% (DMAP), Young's modulus improved by up to 422% (2-MeIm) and elongation at break improved by 14-84%. An infrared spectroscopic study coupled with simultaneous thermal analysis and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the curing mechanism. Epoxide ring opening is clearly evidenced by infrared spectroscopy and the studies suggest that DMAP probably aids crosslinking between ELO and Pripol 1009 viaepoxide ring opening, followed by etherification, due to its good nucleophilicity. The optimum DMAP catalyst loading giving the highest value of Young's modulus was determined at 1% with respect to the total resin weight. Higher concentrations of DMAP (5% wt) decreased the Young's modulus. |
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AbstractList | Thermosetting resins were synthesised from epoxidised linseed oil (ELO) in combination with a bio-derived diacid cross linker (Pripol 1009) in the presence of amine catalysts (triethylamine (TEA), 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), yielding a 99.5% bio-derived, highly flexible transparent film, with significant water resistance. It was demonstrated that the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting films were significantly influenced by the type of amine catalyst selected. The use of catalysts significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the films; tensile strength improved by up to 545% (DMAP), Young's modulus improved by up to 422% (2-MeIm) and elongation at break improved by 14-84%. An infrared spectroscopic study coupled with simultaneous thermal analysis and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the curing mechanism. Epoxide ring opening is clearly evidenced by infrared spectroscopy and the studies suggest that DMAP probably aids crosslinking between ELO and Pripol 1009 viaepoxide ring opening, followed by etherification, due to its good nucleophilicity. The optimum DMAP catalyst loading giving the highest value of Young's modulus was determined at 1% with respect to the total resin weight. Higher concentrations of DMAP (5% wt) decreased the Young's modulus. |
Author | HUNT, Andrew J SUPANCHAIYAMAT, Nontipa CLARK, James H MATHARU, Avtar S SHUTTLEWORTH, Peter S |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nontipa surname: SUPANCHAIYAMAT fullname: SUPANCHAIYAMAT, Nontipa organization: Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, New York, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter S surname: SHUTTLEWORTH fullname: SHUTTLEWORTH, Peter S organization: Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, New York, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrew J surname: HUNT fullname: HUNT, Andrew J organization: Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, New York, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: James H surname: CLARK fullname: CLARK, James H organization: Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, New York, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Avtar S surname: MATHARU fullname: MATHARU, Avtar S organization: Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, New York, United Kingdom |
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Keywords | Imidazole derivatives Strengthening Film Nitrogen heterocycle 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Oxygen heterocycle Etherification Ring cleavage Amine Triethylamine Reaction mechanism Chemical properties Resins Chemical synthesis Nucleophilicity 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene Differential scanning calorimetry Chain elongation Mechanical properties Crosslinking AIDS Tensile strength Thermosetting resin Infection Young modulus Thermal properties Infrared spectrometry Waterproofness Viral disease Preparation Epoxide Thermal analysis Spectrophotometry Catalyst |
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Title | Thermosetting resin based on epoxidised linseed oil and bio-derived crosslinker |
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