Model transformation and property preservation in rigorous software development: A systematic literature review

Rigorous software development involves using highly structured methods and processes in software and system engineering to ensure that the developed products are correct, reliable, and robust. In this context, model-driven development (MDD) has emerged as a development paradigm that emphasizes desig...

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Published inThe Journal of systems and software Vol. 230; p. 112508
Main Authors Jadoon, Gullelala, ter Beek, Maurice H., Ferrari, Alessio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Inc 01.12.2025
Subjects
Model transformation
Non-functional properties
Property preservation
Software modeling
Survey study
Model transformation
Software modeling
Non-functional properties
Property preservation
Survey study
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Abstract Rigorous software development involves using highly structured methods and processes in software and system engineering to ensure that the developed products are correct, reliable, and robust. In this context, model-driven development (MDD) has emerged as a development paradigm that emphasizes designing software systems by means of graphical or textual models at different levels of abstraction, which capture different aspects or dimensions of the system-to-be. At the core of MDD is model transformation, which is the process of translating one model into another, according to specific rules. Property preservation in MDD refers to maintaining specific properties of the system model during transformations, including structural, behavioral, and domain-specific constraints. Over the past decades, research on model transformation and property preservation has seen several contributions. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) to compile information on study demographics, model properties considered, techniques to ensure property preservation, and other aspects. In addition, through thematic analysis, we highlight significant challenges and benefits associated with model transformation and property preservation. We analyze 202 research studies published between 2000 and 2024. Most of the studies concern case studies (62, 31%) and rigorous analysis (49, 24%), while experimental studies using human subjects are limited (1). Formal logic is the most commonly used transformation language, used in 42 studies (21%), while the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is also used for source (58, 29%) and target (25, 12%) modeling. A total of 100 of the studies (50%) performed system testing on models, while 44 of the studies (22%) used transformation rules to verify transformation properties. Among the verified model properties, 66 studies (33%) focused on consistency management, while 4 (2%) are related to model maintainability and reuse. We conclude from our SLR that property preservation could be improved by using model-specific verification methods and strategies based on the considered model artifacts. Our research also provides a relevant contribution by identifying the major challenges in MDD and proposing relevant solutions. Editor’s note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
AbstractList Rigorous software development involves using highly structured methods and processes in software and system engineering to ensure that the developed products are correct, reliable, and robust. In this context, model-driven development (MDD) has emerged as a development paradigm that emphasizes designing software systems by means of graphical or textual models at different levels of abstraction, which capture different aspects or dimensions of the system-to-be. At the core of MDD is model transformation, which is the process of translating one model into another, according to specific rules. Property preservation in MDD refers to maintaining specific properties of the system model during transformations, including structural, behavioral, and domain-specific constraints. Over the past decades, research on model transformation and property preservation has seen several contributions. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) to compile information on study demographics, model properties considered, techniques to ensure property preservation, and other aspects. In addition, through thematic analysis, we highlight significant challenges and benefits associated with model transformation and property preservation. We analyze 202 research studies published between 2000 and 2024. Most of the studies concern case studies (62, 31%) and rigorous analysis (49, 24%), while experimental studies using human subjects are limited (1). Formal logic is the most commonly used transformation language, used in 42 studies (21%), while the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is also used for source (58, 29%) and target (25, 12%) modeling. A total of 100 of the studies (50%) performed system testing on models, while 44 of the studies (22%) used transformation rules to verify transformation properties. Among the verified model properties, 66 studies (33%) focused on consistency management, while 4 (2%) are related to model maintainability and reuse. We conclude from our SLR that property preservation could be improved by using model-specific verification methods and strategies based on the considered model artifacts. Our research also provides a relevant contribution by identifying the major challenges in MDD and proposing relevant solutions. Editor’s note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
ArticleNumber 112508
Author Ferrari, Alessio
ter Beek, Maurice H.
Jadoon, Gullelala
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  givenname: Gullelala
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0531-2655
  surname: Jadoon
  fullname: Jadoon, Gullelala
  email: gullelala.jadoon@isti.cnr.it
  organization: Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy
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  givenname: Maurice H.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2930-6367
  surname: ter Beek
  fullname: ter Beek, Maurice H.
  email: maurice.terbeek@isti.cnr.it
  organization: FMT Lab, CNR-ISTI, Pisa, Italy
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  givenname: Alessio
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0636-5663
  surname: Ferrari
  fullname: Ferrari, Alessio
  email: alessio.ferrari@ucd.ie, alessio.ferrari@isti.cnr.it
  organization: FMT Lab, CNR-ISTI, Pisa, Italy
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Keywords Model transformation
Software modeling
Non-functional properties
Property preservation
Survey study
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Snippet Rigorous software development involves using highly structured methods and processes in software and system engineering to ensure that the developed products...
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SubjectTerms Model transformation
Non-functional properties
Property preservation
Software modeling
Survey study
Title Model transformation and property preservation in rigorous software development: A systematic literature review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.112508
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