Energy performance and environmental impact analysis of cost-optimal renovation solutions of large panel apartment buildings in Finland

• Published in: Sustainable cities and society Vol. 32; pp. 9 - 30
• Main Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo, Kosonen, Risto, Jokisalo, Juha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2017
• Subjects: Cost-optimal renovation concept; Energy performance; Greenhouse gas emissions; Large panel apartment building; Multi-objective optimization; Primary energy; Renewable energy source; Large panel apartment building; Primary energy; Multi-objective optimization; Energy performance; Greenhouse gas emissions; Renewable energy source; Cost-optimal renovation concept

•The nZEB requirements can be achieved cost-effectively also in deep renovations.•The operation phase is dominant in the assessment of the total CO2 emissions.•Modern heat pump system is an excellent solution for deep renovations of apartment buildings.•Investments in energy systems are recommended...