Distributed MIMO CW Radar for Locating Multiple People and Detecting Their Vital Signs

The distributed-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar with low-intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver that is proposed in this work uses uniform linear array (ULA) antennas to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of subjects and recover Doppler signals by the digital...

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Published inIEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 71; no. 3; pp. 1312 - 1325
Main Authors Juan, Pin-Hsun, Chueh, Chi-Yuan, Wang, Fu-Kang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.03.2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Algorithms
Angular resolution
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Beamforming
Continuous radiation
Digital beamforming (DBF)
Direction of arrival
direction of arrival (DOA)
Direction-of-arrival estimation
distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar
Finite element method
Frequency estimation
frequency estimation algorithm (FEA)
Heart rate
Intermediate frequencies
Linear arrays
low intermediate frequency (low-IF)
Metal plates
MIMO communication
Position errors
Radar
Radar antennas
vital sign
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Abstract The distributed-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar with low-intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver that is proposed in this work uses uniform linear array (ULA) antennas to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of subjects and recover Doppler signals by the digital beamforming (DBF) technique. Without using any modulation bandwidth, the location of multiple subjects can be determined from the known antenna positions and the estimated DOAs. This work proves that the Doppler-weighted method improves the extraction of the initial phase of the baseband signal. With respect to the recovery of each subject's vital signs, the modified-DBF is utilized to separate individual Doppler signals while nullifying interference. The frequency estimation algorithm (FEA) is used to improve the Doppler frequency and angular resolution by 50% and 44%, respectively, in the detection of two closely spaced moving metal plates. Finally, the presented system is experimentally validated by determining the locations and vital signs of people sitting side-by-side. The estimated DOA and position errors were less than 3.3° and 10 cm, respectively. With a 25 s sensing period, the errors in the measured respiration rates (RRs) and heart rates (HRs) were less than 1.2 breath/min and 3 beats/min, respectively.
AbstractList The distributed-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar with low-intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver that is proposed in this work uses uniform linear array (ULA) antennas to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of subjects and recover Doppler signals by the digital beamforming (DBF) technique. Without using any modulation bandwidth, the location of multiple subjects can be determined from the known antenna positions and the estimated DOAs. This work proves that the Doppler-weighted method improves the extraction of the initial phase of the baseband signal. With respect to the recovery of each subject's vital signs, the modified-DBF is utilized to separate individual Doppler signals while nullifying interference. The frequency estimation algorithm (FEA) is used to improve the Doppler frequency and angular resolution by 50% and 44%, respectively, in the detection of two closely spaced moving metal plates. Finally, the presented system is experimentally validated by determining the locations and vital signs of people sitting side-by-side. The estimated DOA and position errors were less than 3.3° and 10 cm, respectively. With a 25 s sensing period, the errors in the measured respiration rates (RRs) and heart rates (HRs) were less than 1.2 breath/min and 3 beats/min, respectively.
Author Chueh, Chi-Yuan
Juan, Pin-Hsun
Wang, Fu-Kang
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Snippet The distributed-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous-wave (CW) radar with low-intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver that is proposed in this...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Angular resolution
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Beamforming
Continuous radiation
Digital beamforming (DBF)
Direction of arrival
direction of arrival (DOA)
Direction-of-arrival estimation
distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar
Finite element method
Frequency estimation
frequency estimation algorithm (FEA)
Heart rate
Intermediate frequencies
Linear arrays
low intermediate frequency (low-IF)
Metal plates
MIMO communication
Position errors
Radar
Radar antennas
vital sign
Title Distributed MIMO CW Radar for Locating Multiple People and Detecting Their Vital Signs
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