“I feel your pain”: A critical review of organizational research on empathy

Summary Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of prosocial behavior and effectiveness in the workplace. However, despite organizational interest in empathy, there is a lack of consensus on what em...

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Published in	Journal of organizational behavior Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 166 - 192
Main Authors	Clark, Malissa A., Robertson, Melissa M., Young, Stephen
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Chichester Wiley Periodicals Inc 01.02.2019
Subjects	affective empathy Behavior behavioral empathy cognitive empathy Cognitive-behavioral factors Concept formation Empathy Interdisciplinary aspects judged empathy Organizational behavior Organizational change Organizational research Pain Prosocial behavior Workplaces
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Abstract	Summary Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of prosocial behavior and effectiveness in the workplace. However, despite organizational interest in empathy, there is a lack of consensus on what empathy is, how empathy should be measured, and how empathy research can meaningfully contribute to our understanding of organizational behavior. This paper aims to provide a roadmap for researchers and practitioners interested in empathy in the workplace. We first provide an updated overview of the state of the broader multidisciplinary literature on empathy. On the basis of this literature, we outline the three dimensions of empathy, discuss the distinctions between state/trait and observer/judged empathy, and compare empathy with related constructs. This integrated multidimensional conceptualization provides the basis for our critical review and recommendations. We review the organizational research on empathy (1983–2018), identifying critical issues with how empathy has been conceptualized, measured, and designed, and offer practical recommendations for the advancement of organizational research on empathy. We conclude by highlighting two fundamental questions: (a) is empathy associated with important outcomes of interest to organizations and employees, and (b) can empathy be changed, and if so, how?
AbstractList	Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of prosocial behavior and effectiveness in the workplace. However, despite organizational interest in empathy, there is a lack of consensus on what empathy is, how empathy should be measured, and how empathy research can meaningfully contribute to our understanding of organizational behavior. This paper aims to provide a roadmap for researchers and practitioners interested in empathy in the workplace. We first provide an updated overview of the state of the broader multidisciplinary literature on empathy. On the basis of this literature, we outline the three dimensions of empathy, discuss the distinctions between state/trait and observer/judged empathy, and compare empathy with related constructs. This integrated multidimensional conceptualization provides the basis for our critical review and recommendations. We review the organizational research on empathy (1983–2018), identifying critical issues with how empathy has been conceptualized, measured, and designed, and offer practical recommendations for the advancement of organizational research on empathy. We conclude by highlighting two fundamental questions: (a) is empathy associated with important outcomes of interest to organizations and employees, and (b) can empathy be changed, and if so, how? Summary Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of prosocial behavior and effectiveness in the workplace. However, despite organizational interest in empathy, there is a lack of consensus on what empathy is, how empathy should be measured, and how empathy research can meaningfully contribute to our understanding of organizational behavior. This paper aims to provide a roadmap for researchers and practitioners interested in empathy in the workplace. We first provide an updated overview of the state of the broader multidisciplinary literature on empathy. On the basis of this literature, we outline the three dimensions of empathy, discuss the distinctions between state/trait and observer/judged empathy, and compare empathy with related constructs. This integrated multidimensional conceptualization provides the basis for our critical review and recommendations. We review the organizational research on empathy (1983–2018), identifying critical issues with how empathy has been conceptualized, measured, and designed, and offer practical recommendations for the advancement of organizational research on empathy. We conclude by highlighting two fundamental questions: (a) is empathy associated with important outcomes of interest to organizations and employees, and (b) can empathy be changed, and if so, how?
Author	Robertson, Melissa M. Young, Stephen Clark, Malissa A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Malissa A. orcidid: 0000-0001-9899-1452 surname: Clark fullname: Clark, Malissa A. email: clarkm@uga.edu organization: University of Georgia – sequence: 2 givenname: Melissa M. orcidid: 0000-0001-9476-4738 surname: Robertson fullname: Robertson, Melissa M. email: robertsonmelissa27@gmail.com organization: University of Georgia – sequence: 3 givenname: Stephen orcidid: 0000-0003-0408-5868 surname: Young fullname: Young, Stephen email: youngs@ccl.org organization: Center for Creative Leadership
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Publisher	Wiley Periodicals Inc
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Snippet	Summary Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of... Empathy, a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, has been advanced as a critical predictor of prosocial...
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SubjectTerms	affective empathy Behavior behavioral empathy cognitive empathy Cognitive-behavioral factors Concept formation Empathy Interdisciplinary aspects judged empathy Organizational behavior Organizational change Organizational research Pain Prosocial behavior Workplaces
Title	“I feel your pain”: A critical review of organizational research on empathy
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